The Regulation of Growth by Endocrines

Daughaday, William H.; Herington, and A C; Phillips, L S

doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.37.030175.001235

Cited by 107 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Furthermore, insulin has been noted to increase the incorporation of amino acids into the muscle and liver protein of fish (Tashima and Cahill, 1968;Lewander et al, 1976 (Bern etal, 1991;McCormick etal, 1992 (Plisetskaya, 1990;Sumpter et al, 1991 ). In mammals, growth hormone is less effective in the absence of insulin (Daughaday et al, 1975) and this may also be true in fish. The involvement of IGF and receptor of IGF in growth regulation in fish under the effects of insulin immersion should also not be excluded (Bern etal, 1991; Duan and Hirano, 1992;McCormick etal, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion in bovine insulin stimulates growth of tilapia

Chang¹,

Sj²

1995

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bovine insulin on growth responses in tilapia. Juvenile hybrid male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x 0 aurea; n = 135) were subjected to 1 of 3 treatments. Each treatment was subdivided into 3 replicates of 15 fish each. The fish were immersed into 1 of 2 doses (10 and 100 pg/100 ml water) of insulin or no hormone for 15 min per week for 8 weeks. Body weight, growth and feed conversion efficiency were significantly higher as a result of the first 4 weeks of insulin treatment as compared to control fish. The lower dose of insulin had a better stimulation effect than that of the higher doses. Insulin also stimulated feed consumption. Liver protein and protein/DNA ratio were higher in both insulin-treated groups than in the control group. Muscle proximate composition and hepatosomatic index were similar in the insulin-treated and control groups. The experimental findings suggest that insulin administered by immersion can enhance growth, feed consumption, food utilization and liver cell size in tilapia.insulin / growth stimulation / feed conversion efficiency / tilapia Résumé ― L'immersion en présence d'insuline bovine stimule la croissance du tilapia. L'objet de ce travail est de tester les effets d'insuline bovine sur la croissance du tilapia. Des hybrides mâles juvéniles de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x 0 aurea ; n = 135) ont été soumis à l'un des 3 traitements suivants. Chaque traitement a été appliqué à 3 lots de 15 poissons. Les animaux ont été immergés dans l'eau (0, 10 ou 100 gg d'insuline par ml d'eau) pendant 15 min par semaine durant 8 sem. Le poids corporel, la croissance et l'indice de consommation étaient significativement supérieurs au témoin après 4 sem de traitement. La dose inférieure était plus stimulante que la dose supérieure. L'insuline induisait aussi la consommation d'aliments. Les protéines du foie et le rapport protéineslADN dépassaient les niveaux des témoins dans les 2 groupes de poissons stimulés. La composition des muscles et l'index hépatosomatique étaient semblables dans tous les groupes. Les résultats suggèrent que l'insuline administrée par immersion peut modifier la croissance, la consommation de nourriture, l'utilisation des aliments et la taille des cellules hépatiques chez le tilapia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion in bovine insulin stimulates growth of tilapia

Chang¹,

Sj²

1995

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Synthesis rates for various components of rat bone matrix are decreased by cortisone (6). Morphologic studies show that large doses of glucocorticoid suppress cell division in both bone and cartilage (17), and it has been suggested that glucocorticoids have a direct inhibitory effect on growing cartilage (7). Children on long-term corticosteroids may have retarded skeletal maturation (3) but the relationship between glucocorticoids, linear growth, bone age, and disease is complex (33).…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catch-up Growth in Cortisone–Treated Rats: Effects of Calcium and Vitamin D

1978

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SummaryThe aim of the study was to develop an animal model of steroid stunting and catch-up growth and to investigate the possibility that calcium supplements, with or without vitamin D supplements, might mitigate the effects of corticosteroids on linear growth.In the first experiment, newly weaned Wistar rats were allocated to four groups and weight and tail length measured weekly. In three groups cortisone was injected daily for 28 days. Two of the cortisone-treated groups were given calfium supplekents daily in different dosage schedules. During cortisone treatment (Table I), animals given cortisone gained less weight than the controls ( P < 0.01). After cortisone was stopped the groups previously given cortisone showed greater weight gain than the controls ( P < 0.01). Changes in tail length (Fig. 2), representing changes in linear growth, showed that groups receiving cortisone grew less than the controls during cortisone treatment. After cortisone was stopped the control group grew less than the three groups that had previously received cortisone. There was no beneficial effect of supplemental calcium on either the degree of growth retardation or of catch-up growth (Tables 1 and 2).A second experiment was performed to test the reproducibility of the method and to study the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplements on growth. Newly weaned rats were allocated to four groups. Three groups received cortisone for 42 days. Two of the cortisone-treated groups received vitamin D once a week and one of these groups received calcium supplements. Weight and tail length velocities (Figs. 5 and 6) show less velocity than that of the cortisone-treated groups during cortisone treatment, and after cortisone was stopped the control group had lesser velocity. During cortisone treatment (Table 3), the control groups gained more weight than the three groups given cortisone ( P < 0.001). After cortisone was stopped the groups previously receiving cortisone gained more weight than the control group ( P < 0.01 for cortisone alone and P < 0.001 for cortisone and vitamin D). Changes in mean tail lengths (Table 4) show that during cortisone treatment the three groups given cortisone alone, cortisone and vitamin D, and cortisone, vitamin D, and calcium, all gained less than the controls ( P < 0.001). After cortisone was stopped the groups previously treated with cortisone had a greater increase in tail length than the control groups (P < 0.001). The group given vitamin D supplements grew more than the group given cortisone without such supplements (P < 0.01). The food consumed by the animals (g/100 g body wt/day) was measured ( Fig. 7), and at no time did the control group eat more than the cortisone-treated groups. Reduced calorie intake was not the explanation for retardation of growth, and the increased food intake after cortisone was presumably necessary for catch-up. The serum calcium and total body calcium at the end of the experiment (Table 5) did not suggest that cortisone had depleted the skeleton of calcium.The experimen...

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“…According to the hypothesis of Salmon and Daughaday (1957), a number of the anabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) Van Wyk et al, 1974 ;Daughaday, Herington and Phillips, 1975a ;Hall and Luft, 1974 (Salmon and Daughaday, 1957). Amongst these are the bioassays using normal costal cartilage from fasted rats, rabbits and pigs and the pelvic rudiments of chick embryo (Yde, 1968 ;Bala, Hankins and Smith, 1975 ; Van den Brande and Du Caju, 1974a ;Hall, 1970).…”

Section: Somatomedin Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%