The regulation of cell size and the control of mitosis

Fantes, Peter A.; Grant, William D.; Pritchard, R. H.; Sudbery, Peter E.; Wheals, Alan E.

doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90034-x

Cited by 215 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

146

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fantes (2) and ourselves (10) reported that cell size at division and the cycle duration of steady-state (normal size) and perturbed (oversized) cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown in a rich medium could be homeostatically controlled. But, when exponentially proliferating cells of S. pombe were deprived of a nitrogen source, elongation was much reduced, and the cells divided once or twice and produced abnormally small progenies (4). Similarly, when oversized cells, produced by hydroxyurea treatment of a culture previously synchronized by selection after gradient centrifugation, were transferred to a poor medium, they divided three times synchronously with a reduced rate of elongation, and produced abnormally small progenies (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Cycle in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Relationship between Cell Size and Cycle Time of Non-Growing Cells Due to a Nutritional Shift-Down

Miyata

Ito

1979

Cell Struct. Funct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. To prepare an oversized and synchronized cell sample, exponentially growing cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were exposed to 8 mM hydroxyurea for 3 h, then transferred to a poor medium (0.5 % malt medium or nitrogen-free minimal medium). The transferred cells were grown in a small chamber without shaking and observed by time-lapse photomicrography. Cells cultivated in the poor medium divided twice synchronously, but hardly elongated in cell length between the two divisions. Under this condition, the relationship between cell size and cycle duration (the time interval between the divisions) was investigated. Cells smaller than a particular size had a negative correlation between cell size at birth and cycle duration. Cells above the particular cell size had a constant minimum cycle duration. Cells divided regardless of size at division. These results suggest that cycle duration depends on cell size at birth, not at division.The cell cycle consists of the "DNA-division cycle" (DD cycle) and the "growth cycle" (9). Cycle duration may reflect the time needed to complete sequential events included in the DD cycle ; thus, we are interested in what controls cycle duration.In exponentially proliferating cells, there must be a coupling mechanism that adjusts overall growth of the cells (growth cycle) to the process of cell division (DD cycle). Fantes (2) and ourselves (10) reported that cell size at division and the cycle duration of steady-state (normal size) and perturbed (oversized) cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown in a rich medium could be homeostatically controlled. But, when exponentially proliferating cells of S. pombe were deprived of a nitrogen source, elongation was much reduced, and the cells divided once or twice and produced abnormally small progenies (4). Similarly, when oversized cells, produced by hydroxyurea treatment of a culture previously synchronized by selection after gradient centrifugation, were transferred to a poor medium, they divided three times synchronously with a reduced rate of elongation, and produced abnormally small progenies (13). These situations suggest that the DD cycle continued although the growth cycle had been blocked (9). Therefore, control of the duration of the cycle of cells with a reduced rate of elongation should be studied and compared with that of cells with normal elongation. In this study we investigated the relationship between cell size and the duration of a cycle with little elongation growth.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Cycle in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Relationship between Cell Size and Cycle Time of Non-Growing Cells Due to a Nutritional Shift-Down

Miyata

Ito

1979

Cell Struct. Funct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Sudbery and Grant (15), the protein increase dropped to zero after 2 h incubation in the non- regulating the progress of cell stages are unknown, a cytoplasmic factor has been suggested to regulate the initiation of mitosis. The accumulation kinetics of this cytoplasmic factor has been discussed and a model for such as linear accumulation during the cell cycle has been proposed (4,8). However, in so far as the nuclear size is concerned, the growth curves showed characteristic changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies of the regulation of the mitotic cycle in this organism have investigated modification of the total mitotic cycle time caused by such treatment as UV-irradiation (3,13,15). The shortening of the subsequent mitotic cycle by UV-irradiation, particularly, has been examined and the ratio of the cellular mass to the number of nuclei has been proposed as a parameter which represents age in the cell cycle (4,14). However, these studies have dealt with changes in the time from one metaphase to the next and there is little quantitative information on nuclear changes during the intermitotic period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Increases in Nuclear and Nucleolar Sizes with the Cell Phase Transition in the Cell Cycle of Physarum polycephalum

Matsumoto¹,

Funakoshi

1978

Cell Struct. Funct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT.The dependence of nuclear growth on cell stages in the mitotic cycle was investigated in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. Nuclei were photographed and the areas of nuclei and nucleoli were measured. Parallel changes in the increase curves of the nuclear and nucleolar areas were observed.Both sizes increased considerably after the S to G2 and the G2 to M phase transitions. Curves for increases in both sizes were also obtained from shorten- The onset of mitosis in Physarum has been thought to be regulated by some cytoplasmic factors (2, 12). It is also necessary to investigate how growth of the nucleus is affected by changes in various cytoplasmic activities in order to understand the regulatory mechanism of age progresses in the cell cycle. The plasmodium of this organism is particularly suitable for such a study because of the natural synchrony of mitosis in the multi-nuclear plasmodium. Many studies of the regulation of the mitotic cycle in this organism have investigated modification of the total mitotic cycle time caused by such treatment as 13,15). The shortening of the subsequent mitotic cycle by UV-irradiation, particularly, has been examined and the ratio of the cellular mass to the number of nuclei has been proposed as a parameter which represents age in the cell cycle (4, 14). However, these studies have dealt with changes in the time from one metaphase to the next and there is little quantitative information on nuclear changes during the intermitotic period. Thus, this investigation was undertaken to examine nuclear and nucleolar growth quantitatively throughout the intermitotic period. Particular attention has been paid to the question of whether these growth curves are cell stage specific or non-specific, such as linear or exponential, and to whether any specific stages are shortened or whether growth is uniformly accelerated during the shortened mitotic cycle caused by UV-irradiation. The increase curves showed that nuclei and nucleoli grew greatly following the S to G2 and G2 to M phase transitions. Further, curves of nuclear and nucleolar growth 173 174

show abstract

“…The overshoot of division size of the shifted cells is a result of metabolic disturbance causing a transient change in concentration of the signal molecule which affects size control. This is based on a concentration model (1). However, neither the size control model nor the concentration model is thought to be associated with the set-back phenomena due to the heat shock and the timing of division delayed by the heat shock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In exponentially proliferating cells of lower eukaryotes, the attainment of a critical size required to initiate nuclear and cell division has been much discussed (1). In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, NURSE (2) and FANTES and NURSE (3) proposed that size control was involved in entry into nuclear division.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cell cycle in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. VI. Relationship between cell size and division delay due to nutritional shift-up.

Miyata

Ito

1981

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The shift of a synchronous culture of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, from a poor to a rich medium resulted in division delay.The mean time period from the shift till division was nearly constant, regardless of the time of shift in the cell cycle.The time period from the shift till division of the individual cells was negatively proportional to cell size at the shift. The division size of the shifted cells was larger than that of exponentially proliferating cells.From these results, the dependence of the timing of division on cell size at the shift, not at division, is discussed.In exponentially proliferating cells of lower eukaryotes, the attainment of a critical size required to initiate nuclear and cell division has been much discussed (1). In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, NURSE (2) and FANTES and NURSE (3) proposed that size control was involved in entry into nuclear division.The cell size at division (the division size) and the cycle duration of normally elongated cells of S. pombe can be homeostatically controlled (4, 5). When oversized cells of S. pombe, produced by pulse treatment with hydroxyurea, were transferred from a rich medium (YM-medium) to a poor one (M-medium), they synchronously divided twice but not elongate (6). In both normally and nonelongating cells, the cycle durations were negatively proportional to the cell size at birth (the birth size), except that the cycle duration of cells larger than a particular size was consistently minimum. Thus, we proposed that the cycle duration depended on the birth size, not on the division size (6).FANTES and NURSE (3) found the division delay in cells of S. pombe due to the nutritional shift-up. The pattern of cell proliferation in asynchronous cultures perturbed by the shift (3) was similar to that with perturbation by heat shock (7).

show abstract

The regulation of cell size and the control of mitosis

Cited by 215 publications

References 32 publications

The Cell Cycle in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Relationship between Cell Size and Cycle Time of Non-Growing Cells Due to a Nutritional Shift-Down

The Cell Cycle in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Relationship between Cell Size and Cycle Time of Non-Growing Cells Due to a Nutritional Shift-Down

Coupled Increases in Nuclear and Nucleolar Sizes with the Cell Phase Transition in the Cell Cycle of Physarum polycephalum

The cell cycle in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. VI. Relationship between cell size and division delay due to nutritional shift-up.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About