The Regulation of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by cAMP-CRP: A Mini-Review

Liu, Cong; Sun, Di; Zhu, Jingrong; Liu, Jiawen; Liu, Weijie

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00802

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…We found that VP0610 inhibits the expression of sugar PTS system EIIA components VP0710 and VP0793 on the cell membrane (Figure 7). cAMP-CRP in E. coli regulates curli fiber synthesis involved in adhesion and attachment; flagellum biosynthesis participated in motility, chemotaxis, and rpoS transcription, which governs many stress responses (Tsou et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2020). Here, we found that the presence of VP0610 leads to a decrease in the expression of sugar PTS system EIIA component (VP0710 and VP0793), then indirectly decreases the production of CyaA as well as cAMP, and further reducing the binding of cAMP to its receptor CRP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Novel Gene vp0610 Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

et al. 2021

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen and its biofilm formation ability facilitates its colonization and persistence in foods by protecting it from stresses including environmental variation and antibiotic exposure. Several important proteins are involved in biofilm formation; however, the identity and function of many remain unknown. In this study, we discovered a hypothetical protein, VP0610 that negatively regulates biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and we found that the loss of vp0610 typically results in pleiotropic phenotypes that contribute toward promoting biofilm formation, including significantly increased insoluble exopolysaccharide production and swimming motility, decreased soluble exopolysaccharide production, and decreased bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate production. Pull-down assays revealed that VP0610 can interact with 180 proteins, some of which (Hfq, VP0710, VP0793, and CyaA) participate in biofilm formation. Moreover, deleting vp0610 enhanced the expression of genes responsible for biofilm component (flaE), the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) EIIA component (vp0710 and vp0793), and a high-density regulator of quorum sensing (opaR), while reducing the expression of the bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate degradation protein (CdgC), resulting in faster biofilm formation. Taken together, our results indicate that vp0610 is an integral member of the key biofilm regulatory network of V. parahaemolyticus that functions as a repressor of biofilm formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Novel Gene vp0610 Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

et al. 2021

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“…Cell appendages such as flagella, fimbriae and pili are involved in this stage. The second messenger cAMP, generated by adenylate cyclase CyaA, has been shown to regulate tad IV pili [ 25 ]. Tad IV pili are important surface appendages that are central to the surface-sensing mechanism in the early stages of biofilm formation [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Genes and Metabolites Involved in Bifidobacterium bifidum Biofilm Formation

Liu

Fang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Bifidobacterium bifidum strains, an important component of probiotic foods, can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, leading to increased self-resistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of B. bifidum biofilm formation. A time series transcriptome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of both B. bifidum biofilm and planktonic cells was performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in biofilm formation. Two hundred thirty-five nonredundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including vanY, pstS, degP, groS, infC, groL, yajC, tadB and sigA) and 219 nonredundant differentially expressed metabolites (including L-threonine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, butyric acid and sphinganine) were identified. Thirteen pathways were identified during the integration of both transcriptomics and metabolomics data, including ABC transporters; quorum sensing; two-component system; oxidative phosphorylation; cysteine and methionine metabolism; glutathione metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. The DEGs that relate to the integration pathways included asd, atpB, degP, folC, ilvE, metC, pheA, pstS, pyrE, serB, ulaE, yajC and zwf. The differentially accumulated metabolites included L-cystine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, methylmalonate, monodehydroascorbate, nicotinamide, orthophosphate, spermine and tocopherol. These results indicate that quorum sensing, two-component system and amino acid metabolism are essential during B. bifidum biofilm formation.

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“…We examined the cyaB mutant and complement strains under a variety of growth conditions by imposing oxidative stress, as well as shifting temperature, pH, and CO 2 , and found no phenotypic differences ( Figure 3 and data not shown). Knowing that different carbon sources can alter cyclase activity and the production of cyclic nucleotide and di-nucleotides, media that replaced glucose with glycerol were used to examine the regulation of borrelial virulence factors ( Peterkofsky and Gazdar, 1974 ; Liu et al, 2020 ). Differences in borrelial virulence determinant protein production were more pronounced in BSK-lite, independent of glycerol supplementation, relative to conventional BSKII ( Supplementary Figure 2 and data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Borrelia burgdorferi Adenylate Cyclase, CyaB, Is Important for Virulence Factor Production and Mammalian Infection

et al. 2021

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Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, traverses through vastly distinct environments between the tick vector and the multiple phases of the mammalian infection that requires genetic adaptation for the progression of pathogenesis. Borrelial gene expression is highly responsive to changes in specific environmental signals that initiate the RpoS regulon for mammalian adaptation, but the mechanism(s) for direct detection of environmental cues has yet to be identified. Secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced by adenylate cyclase is responsive to environmental signals, such as carbon source and pH, in many bacterial pathogens to promote virulence by altering gene regulation. B. burgdorferi encodes a single non-toxin class IV adenylate cyclase (bb0723, cyaB). This study investigates cyaB expression along with its influence on borrelial virulence regulation and mammalian infectivity. Expression of cyaB was specifically induced with co-incubation of mammalian host cells that was not observed with cultivated tick cells suggesting that cyaB expression is influenced by cellular factor(s) unique to mammalian cell lines. The 3′ end of cyaB also encodes a small RNA, SR0623, in the same orientation that overlaps with bb0722. The differential processing of cyaB and SR0623 transcripts may alter the ability to influence function in the form of virulence determinant regulation and infectivity. Two independent cyaB deletion B31 strains were generated in 5A4-NP1 and ML23 backgrounds and complemented with the cyaB ORF alone that truncates SR0623, cyaB with intact SR0623, or cyaB with a mutagenized full-length SR0623 to evaluate the influence on transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of borrelial virulence factors and infectivity. In the absence of cyaB, the expression and production of ospC was significantly reduced, while the protein levels for BosR and DbpA were substantially lower than parental strains. Infectivity studies with both independent cyaB mutants demonstrated an attenuated phenotype with reduced colonization of tissues during early disseminated infection. This work suggests that B. burgdorferi utilizes cyaB and potentially cAMP as a regulatory pathway to modulate borrelial gene expression and protein production to promote borrelial virulence and dissemination in the mammalian host.

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The Regulation of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by cAMP-CRP: A Mini-Review

Cited by 59 publications

References 77 publications

A Novel Gene vp0610 Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A Novel Gene vp0610 Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Genes and Metabolites Involved in Bifidobacterium bifidum Biofilm Formation

The Borrelia burgdorferi Adenylate Cyclase, CyaB, Is Important for Virulence Factor Production and Mammalian Infection

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