The regional distribution of immunoreactive β-endorphin in the monkey brain

Matsukura, Shigeru; Yoshimi, Hiroki; Sueoka, Satoru; Kataoka, Kiyoshi; Ono, T.; Ohgushi, Naohiro

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90125-7

Cited by 44 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The concentrations of /Jh-EP in hypothalamus reported herein are on the same order of magnitude as those found in rat [31], cow [14] and monkey [20], The inability to detect fth-EP in cerebral cortex and cerebellum is consistent with data in the rat [31] but not the monkey [20], How ever. in the latter study the possibility of cross-reaction with /I-LPH was not excluded, and the authors also raised the possibility of cross-reaction in their RIA with myelin basic protein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Localization and Quantitation of <i>β</i>-Endorphin in Human Brain and Pituitary

Wilkes¹,

Watkins²,

Stewart³

et al. 1980

Neuroendocrinology

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The concentration of human β-endorphin (β_h-EP) was measured in various hypothalamic nuclei, in extra-hypothalamic brain regions and in the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). The β_h-EP concentrations in the arcuate nucleus (169 ± 35 pg/100 μg protein, n = 7) and median eminence (163 ± 32 pg/100 μg protein, n = 6) were among the highest in the 17 brain areas examined. The immunoreactive β_h-EP in the hypothalamus corresponded to authentic β_h-EP, as determined by gel exclusion chromatography. By chromatography and RIA the β_h-EP concentrations in anterior (1.53 × 10⁵ ±0.51 × 10⁵ pg/100 μg protein, n = 3) and posterior (1.41 × 10⁵ ± 0.38 × 10⁵ pg/100 μg protein, n = 5) pituitary were found to be approximately 1,000-fold higher than in hypothalamus. Within the pituitary β_h-EP was localized throughout the anterior lobe, in the pars intermedia and in that part of the posterior lobe nearest the pars intermedia, as judged by immunocytochemistry. Dense immunocytochemical staining was found along the perimeter of many blood vessels. β_h-EP and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were co-localized in the same pituitary cells. The present data represent the first unequivocal localization and quantitation of β_h-EP in human brain and in the separate lobes of the human pituitary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Through the use of this indirect procedure, the presence of /i-EP in rat [31], cow [14] and monkey [20] brain has been reported. Although comparatively high /i-EP con centrations were detected in hypothalamus from these species, the regional distribution of /i-EP in the hypotha lamic nuclei has not been determined in any species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and Quantitation of <i>β</i>-Endorphin in Human Brain and Pituitary

Wilkes¹,

Watkins²,

Stewart³

et al. 1980

Neuroendocrinology

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“…The concentration of fi-endorphin estimated by radioimmunoassay in monkey brain regions (Matsukura, Yoshimi, Sueoka, Kataoka, Ono & Ohgushi, 1978) appears indeed to be related to the extent of morphine activity. The relation, in fact, is surprisingly close, considering that the figures for endorphin were obtained on the monkey and not on the rat, and that comparison was, of course, only possible for the restricted number of regions which were analysed both by the Japanese workers and ourselves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…On the face of it, this would suggest that the presence of fl-endorphin is not a sufficient condition for an interaction of morphine with 5-HT neurones. However, the reliability of the radioimmunoassay in the presence of high concentrations of myelin has been questioned (Rossier, Vargo, Minick, Ling, Bloom & Guillemin, 1977), and Matsukura et al (1978) themselves express doubts about their results for the corpus callosum. An investigation, in a few regions of the rat brain, of the distribution of total endorphins by radio-receptor assay (Gros, Pradelles, Rouget, Bepoldin, Dray, Fournie-Zaluski, Roques, Pollard, Llorens-Cortes & Schwartz, 1978) confirms low concentrations in cerebellum and hippocampus and high values in striatum and hypothalamus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping, in the rat central nervous system, of morphine‐induced changes in turnover of 5‐hydroxytryptamine.

Snelgar¹,

Vogt²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. It is known that the full clinical effect of morphine is not seen if those neurones of the central nervous system which contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) have been inactivated. Morphine increases 5-HT turnover in brain and cord, and the present work is an attempt at mapping the sites at which turnover is accelerated.2. The degree of interaction at various sites of the C.N.S. was measured by the increment in the content of 5-hydroxyindol-3-yl acetic acid (5-HIAA) elicited by morphine in rats pre-treated with probenecid. The effect was produced by as little as 3-5 mg morphine hydrochloride/kg; for the sake of convenience this dose was doubled in most experiments. Pre-treatment with probenecid was not necessary for the effect, but a minimum interval of 90 min between injection of morphine and analysis of the brain was essential.3. Morphine did not act indiscriminately on all 5-HT neurones, as seen by the fact that the increment in 5-HIAA formation was independent of the density of 5-HT neurones in the tissue. Nor was there any relation between basal 5-HT turnover of a region and the size of its response to morphine.4. Highly reactive sites were found in dorsal cord, medulla, superior colliculi, substantia nigra, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and striatum. Cortical areas were less responsive, but with large differences among themselves. Hippocampus, central grey, olfactory bulb, cerebellum and white matter had lower or negligible increases in 5-HT turnover. There was no increase in the turnover of the (non-neural) 5-HT of the pineal gland.5. The relation of the reactive sites to their content in endogenous opioids and to the probable localization of the pharmacological actions of morphine is discussed.

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“…Among opioid peptides, f3-EP is the most potent in every biological system including analgesic and behavioral activity. Recent studies by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques have shown the presence of immunoreactive f3-EP in the brain (8)(9)(10)(11). We report here the isolation and characterization of two j3-EP like peptides, one of which has an amino acid composition nearly identical to that of f3-EP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Isolation and characterization of beta-endorphin-like peptides from bovine brains.

Swann¹,

Li²

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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ABSTRACT, Four fl-endorphin-like peptides from bovine brain extracts have been identified hy their behavior in CMcellulose chromatography, gel filtration, high-performance liquid chromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Two of them have been isolated in sufficient quantity for amino acid analysis, radioimmunoassay, and radioreceptor assay. One peptide has an amino acid com osition nearly identical to that of ,-endorphin with 56% of the radioimmunoreactivity and i.3%of the potency in the radioreceptor assay of P-endorphin. The amino acid content of the other P-endorphin-like peptide is very different from that of bovine P-endorphin but it has 47% of the radioimmunoreactivity and 1% of the potency in the radioreceptor assay of P-endorphin.The early isolation, sequence determination, and characterization of 3-endorphin (f3-EP) were performed on material from pituitary glands of camel (1), pig (2, 3), sheep (4), cow (5), rat (6), and human (4, 7). Among opioid peptides, f3-EP is the most potent in every biological system including analgesic and behavioral activity. Recent studies by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques have shown the presence of immunoreactive f3-EP in the brain (8-11). We report here the isolation and characterization of two j3-EP like peptides, one of which has an amino acid composition nearly identical to that of f3-EP. In addition, two additional peptides with molecular size and immunoreactivity similar to those of f3-EP are described. MATERIALS AND METHODSBovine brains were collected from a local slaughterhouse. The cerebral hemispheres were dissected, rinsed to remove any blood, frozen on dry ice, and stored at -20'C before use.Acid acetone powder (AAP) was prepared as described (12). From 1 kg of bovine brains, approximately 12 g of AAP was obtained. Six grams of AAP was dissolved in 100 ml of 0.01 M NH4OAc (pH 4.6) at 4VC, and the insoluble material was removed by centrifugation. The supernatant was applied to a CM-cellulose column (3.06 X 56 cm) and fractionated in a stepwise manner by using a sequence of three eluents. Elution was with 0.01 M NH4OAc (pH 4.6) for the first 50 fractions (8 ml), with 0.2 M NH4OAc for the next 50 fractions and with 0.5 M NH4OAc for the last 100 fractions. Gel filtrations on a Sephadex G-100 column (2.7 X 88 cm) add a G-50 column (2.14 X 56 cm) were carried out in 0.1 M NH4OAc (pH 5.0) and 0.01 M NH4OAc (pH 4.6), respectively. A second CM-cellulose chromatographic step used a small coldiihn (1.5 X 28 cm) with gradient elutions as described for the isolation of camel melanotropins (13) and 3-EP (1).The final step in the isolation procedure consisted of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversephase column (Altex; 10 X 500 mm) packed with Lichrosorb C8 (10 L). The proteins were dissolved in 0.5 ml of 1.0 M pyridine/0.5 M HOAc, pH 5.5, containing 18% n-proponal and injected via a 1.0-ml loading loop. Chromatography was performed by isocratic elution using the same buffer with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The column effluent was collected i...

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The regional distribution of immunoreactive β-endorphin in the monkey brain

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Localization and Quantitation of <i>β</i>-Endorphin in Human Brain and Pituitary

Localization and Quantitation of <i>β</i>-Endorphin in Human Brain and Pituitary

Mapping, in the rat central nervous system, of morphine‐induced changes in turnover of 5‐hydroxytryptamine.

Isolation and characterization of beta-endorphin-like peptides from bovine brains.

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