The region of the pontine parabrachial nucleus is a major target of dehydration-sensitive CRH neurons in the rat lateral hypothalamic area

Kelly, Andrea; Watts, Alan G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980427)394:1<48::aid-cne5>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Regardless of the outcome of experiments motivated by this approach, unaddressed would be the sites that receive convergent inputs from widely separated sources of the same peptide from which ingestive effects are obtained with focal stimulation. Sites of such convergence include but are not limited to the PVN for NPY (e.g., 151, 154), PBN for CRH (103), and NTS and DVC for melanocortins (93,141).…”

Section: Crh/urocortinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

Grill

Kaplan

2002

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

351

219

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The hypothalamic feeding-center model, articulated in the 1950s, held that the hypothalamus contains the interoceptors sensitive to blood-borne correlates of available or stored fuels as well as the integrative substrates that process metabolic and visceral afferent signals and issue commands to brainstem mechanisms for the production of ingestive behavior. A number of findings reviewed here, however, indicate that sensory and integrative functions are distributed across a central control axis that includes critical substrates in the basal forebrain as well as in the caudal brainstem. First, the interoceptors relevant to energy balance are distributed more widely than had been previously thought, with a prominent brainstem complement of leptin and insulin receptors, glucose-sensing mechanisms, and neuropeptide mediators. The physiological relevance of this multiple representation is suggested by the demonstration that similar behavioral effects can be obtained independently by stimulation of respective forebrain and brainstem subpopulations of the same receptor types (e.g., leptin, CRH, and melanocortin). The classical hypothalamic model is also challenged by the integrative achievements of the chronically maintained, supracollicular decerebrate rat. Decerebrate and neurologically intact rats show similar discriminative responses to taste stimuli and are similarly sensitive to intake-inhibitory feedback from the gut. Thus, the caudal brainstem, in neural isolation from forebrain influence, is sufficient to mediate ingestive responses to a range of visceral afferent signals. The decerebrate rat, however, does not show a hyperphagic response to food deprivation, suggesting that interactions between forebrain and brainstem are necessary for the behavioral response to systemic/ metabolic correlates of deprivation in the neurologically intact rat. At the same time, however, there is evidence suggesting that hypothalamic-neuroendocrine responses to fasting depend on pathways ascending from brainstem. Results reviewed are consistent with a distributionist (as opposed to hierarchical) model for the control of energy balance that emphasizes: (i) control mechanisms endemic to hypothalamus and brainstem that drive their unique effector systems on the basis of local interoceptive, and in the brainstem case, visceral, afferent inputs and (ii) a set of uni-and bidirectional interactions that coordinate adaptive neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to changes in metabolic status. KEY WORDS: feeding behavior; leptin; glucose sensing; decerebrate; neuropeptide; hypothalamic model; caudal brainstem; energy balance.

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Section: Crh/urocortinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

Grill

Kaplan

2002

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

351

219

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“…Both the CeA and the BNST have been implicated in the control of sodium appetite (16, 42). Cellular dehydration increases CRH mRNA expression in the LHA-LPBN projecting cells (19).The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the role of CRH in the LPBN on the control of water and salt intake in rats. The strategy employed in these studies was to determine whether the CRH receptor antagonist, ␣-helical corticotropinreleasing factor (CRF) 9 -41 , injected bilaterally into the LPBN altered hypertonic saline (2%) and water intake after treatments, which induce increased NaCl intake (i.e., salt appetite).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…CRH-expressing neurons and receptors are present in many forebrain and hindbrain areas implicated in the control of water and salt intake (5,19,29,39). One key brain structure associated with central CRH that has been implicated in the control of thirst and sodium appetite is the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRH containing soma and receptors are present in the LPBN (18), and CRH neurons are a component of a pathway linking the NTS to the LPBN (13). In addition, CRH has been shown to be present in descending projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) (25), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) (26), and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) (19). Both the CeA and the BNST have been implicated in the control of sodium appetite (16,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the CeA and the BNST have been implicated in the control of sodium appetite (16,42). Cellular dehydration increases CRH mRNA expression in the LHA-LPBN projecting cells (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone in the lateral parabrachial nucleus inhibits sodium appetite in rats

Silva

Fregoneze²,

Johnson³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The present study investigated the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) in the behavioral control of body fluid homeostasis by determining the effect of bilateral injections of the CRH receptor antagonist, alpha-helical corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)(9-41), and the CRH receptor agonist, CRH, on sodium chloride (salt appetite) and water (thirst) intake. Groups of adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats had stainless-steel cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN and were sodium depleted or water deprived. Bilateral injections of alpha-helical CRF(9-41) into the LPBN significantly potentiated water and salt intake in the sodium-depleted rats when access to fluids was restored. Bilateral injections of alpha-helical CRF(9-41) into the LPBN (1.0 microg) also increased sodium appetite in water-deprived rats. Conversely, in sodium-depleted animals, bilateral injections of CRH inhibited sodium chloride intake. These results suggest that there is an endogenous CRH inhibitory mechanism operating in the LPBN to modulate the intake of sodium (salt appetite). This mechanism may contribute to the behavioral control of restoration of body fluid homeostasis in sodium-deficient states.

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Distribution of preprovasopressin mRNA in the rat central nervous system

1999

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Vasopressin released in the central nervous system has been shown to be involved both in homeostatic mechanisms (e.g., water balance, thermoregulation, cardiovascular regulation, metabolism, and antinociception) and in higher brain functions (e.g., social recognition and communication, and learning and memory). Many nuclear groups have been proposed to synthesize vasopressin, but available data are conflicting. We have used a sensitive in situ hybridization technique to identify the distribution of the neurons that may be the origin of the vasopressin in the central nervous system of the male Sprague‐Dawley rat. Vasopressin mRNA‐expressing neurons were most abundant in the hypothalamus (e.g., the paraventricular, supraoptic, and suprachiasmatic nuclei) but were also seen in the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and the nucleus of the horizontal diagonal band. Previously unreported vasopressinergic neurons were seen in the entorhinal and piriform cortices, the ventral lateral portion of the parabrachial nucleus, the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the rostral part of the ventral periaqueductal gray matter and the adjacent portion of the mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Vasopressin mRNA expression suggestive of neuronal labeling was seen in the pyramidal layer of the CA1–3 fields and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In addition, vasopressin mRNA expression, probably representing axonal mRNA, was detected over the hypothalamopituitary tract. No or insignificant preprovasopressin mRNA expression was present in the cerebellum, locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus, or the spinal cord. These findings provide novel information on the distribution of vasopressin neurons that are important for our understanding of how vasopressin acts in the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 411:181–200, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The region of the pontine parabrachial nucleus is a major target of dehydration-sensitive CRH neurons in the rat lateral hypothalamic area

Cited by 44 publications

References 56 publications

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

Corticotropin-releasing hormone in the lateral parabrachial nucleus inhibits sodium appetite in rats

Distribution of preprovasopressin mRNA in the rat central nervous system

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