The reduced expression and aberrant methylation of p16INK4a in chromate workers with lung cancer

CpG Site–Specific Hypermethylation of p16INK4α in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of PAH-Exposed Workers

“…INK4a methylation were also observed in smokers (20) and in human lung cancer associated with chromate exposure (21). Consistent with the results from patients with lung cancers, the frequency of p16…”

“…INK4a are also induced by other chemicals such as nickel (46) and chromium (21). A recent study in Europe revealed that chronic exposure to PAHs led to a hypermethylation of global DNA and hypomethylation of p53 and HIC, but p16…”

“…When analyzing the difference at each CpG site between 2 groups using a Mann-Whitney U test, we found that 22 sites located at No. 1,2,8,9,11,12,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24], and 26-34 were significantly higher in PAH-exposed workers (Fig. 2B), indicating that these 22 CpG sites might be the regulatory "hot CpG sites" participating in gene transcriptional suppression.…”

Chromium Cross-Links Histone Deacetylase 1-DNA Methyltransferase 1 Complexes to Chromatin, Inhibiting Histone-Remodeling Marks Critical for Transcriptional Activation

“…Cigarette smoking is a major source of coexposure to chromium and B[a]P, and several studies have reported the association between aberrant p16 methylation and smoking (20,22). Hypermethylation of the p16 ink4a promoter has also been found in one-third of chromate workers with a history of exposure for 15 years or more who developed lung cancer (24).…”

LINE-1 gene hypomethylation and p16 gene hypermethylation in HepG2 cells induced by low-dose and long-term triclosan exposure: The role of hydroxyl group

“…And the data of low-dose TCS exposure on ESR1 gene methylation levels suggests that the p16 gene hypermethylation may be the gene-special change in TCS exposed HepG2 cell. Actually, some environmental chemicals can induce p16 gene hypermethylation, such as particulate matter 2.5 (Soberanes et al, 2012), arsenic (Chanda et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2007), nickel (Govindarajan et al, 2002), HCB, TCDD (Ozden et al, 2015), and chromium (Kondo et al, 2006).…”