The redshift and the host galaxy of the neutrino candidate 4FGL J0955.1+3551 (3HSP J095507.9+355101)

Paiano, S.; Falomo, R.; Padovani, P.; Giommi, P.; Gargiulo, A.; Uslenghi, M.; Rossi, A.; Treves, A.

doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaa056

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This corresponds to [O ii] and [O iii] line luminosities <2 × 10 40 erg s −1 . Details about the spectroscopic study of the source, its host galaxy, and close environment are given inPaiano et al (2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

Giommi

Padovani

Oikonomou

et al. 2020

A&A

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The uncertainty region of the highly energetic neutrino IceCube200107A includes 3HSP J095507.9+355101 (z = 0.557), an extreme blazar, which was detected in a high, very hard, and variable X-ray state shortly after the neutrino arrival. Following a detailed multiwavelength investigation, we confirm that the source is a genuine BL Lac. This new detection differs from TXS 0506+056, which is thus far the first source associated with IceCube neutrinos, and is considered a “masquerading” BL Lac. As in the case of TXS 0506+056, 3HSP J095507.9+355101 is also way off the so-called blazar sequence. We consider 3HSP J095507.9+355101 a possible counterpart to the IceCube neutrino. Finally, we discuss some theoretical implications in terms of neutrino production.

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confidence: 99%

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

Giommi

Padovani

Oikonomou

et al. 2020

A&A

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“…The measurement of log(𝑀 BH /𝑀 ) = 8.8 for this source is based on the absolute magnitude of the host galaxy from the R band image by Paiano et al (2020). This value is different from the one previously reported by these authors as that was based on different cosmological parameters.…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 65%

The Spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- II. Source Characterisation

Padovani,

Giommi,

Falomo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Eight years after the first detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube we are still almost clueless as regards to their origin, although the case for blazars being neutrino sources is getting stronger. After the first significant association at the 3 − 3.5 𝜎 level in time and space with IceCube neutrinos, i.e. the blazar TXS 0506+056 at 𝑧 = 0.3365, some of us have in fact selected a unique sample of 47 blazars, out of which ∼ 16 could be associated with individual neutrino track events detected by IceCube. Building upon our recent spectroscopy work on these objects, here we characterise them to determine their real nature and check if they are different from the rest of the blazar population. For the first time we also present a systematic study of the frequency of masquerading BL Lacs, i.e. flat-spectrum radio quasars with their broad lines swamped by non-thermal jet emission, in a 𝛾-ray-and IceCube-selected sample, finding a fraction > 24 per cent and possibly as high as 80 per cent. In terms of their broad-band properties, our sources appear to be indistinguishable from the rest of the blazar population. We also discuss two theoretical scenarios for neutrino emission, one in which neutrinos are produced in interactions of protons with jet photons and one in which the target photons are from the broad line region. Both scenarios can equally account for the neutrino-blazar correlation observed by some of us. Future observations with neutrino telescopes and X-ray satellites will test them out.

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“…We assume that the isotropic-equivalent escaping proton luminosity equals L p,esc = 4 × 10 49 erg s −1 , which is consistent with the much higher proton luminosity inside the jet of Model D (see Table 1). This corresponds to absolute, beaming corrected, proton luminosity L p = 4×10 46 erg s −1 (L p /4×10 49 erg s −1 )(Γ/24) −2 , compara-ble to the Eddington luminosity of the 3 × 10 8 M black hole (Paiano et al 2020).…”

Section: The Intergalactic Cascade (Igc) Scenariomentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The upper limit on the bolometric disk luminosity of 3HSP J095507.9+355101 is L d ∼ 0.5L 0.01L Edd ∼ 4 × 10 44 erg s −1 (Paiano et al 2020). Meanwhile, the bolometric neutrino luminosity inferred by the detection of IceCube-200107A, assuming a 10 year-long duration for neutrino production, is 3 × 10 46 erg s −1 (Giommi et al 2020b).…”

Section: The Blazar-core (Bc) Scenariomentioning

confidence: 95%

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Comprehensive Multimessenger Modeling of the Extreme Blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and Predictions for IceCube

Petropoulou,

Oikonomou,

Mastichiadis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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3HSP J095507.9+355101 is an extreme blazar to have been possibly associated with a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-200107A, which was detected one day before the blazar was observed and found to undergo a hard X-ray flare. Motivated by this observation, we perform a comprehensive study of the predicted multimessenger emission from 3HSP J095507.9+355101 during its recent X-ray flare, but also in the long term. We focus on single-zone leptohadronic models, where the broadband photon and high-energy neutrino emissions originate from same region of the jet, but we also explore alternative scenarios: (i) a blazar-core model, which considers neutrino production in the inner jet close to the accreting supermassive black hole, (ii) a hidden external-photon model, which considers neutrino production in the jet through interactions with photons from a possible weak broad line region, (iii) a one-zone proton synchrotron model, where high-energy protons produce γ-rays in the jet via synchrotron, and (iv) an intergalactic cascade scenario, where neutrinos are produced in the intergalactic medium by interactions of a high-energy cosmic-ray beam escaping the blazar jet. We find that the Poisson probability to detect one or more neutrinos in 8 years from 3HSP J095507.9+355101 is ∼ 2% (3%) when considering the most optimistic one-zone leptohadronic model (the multi-zone blazar-core model), while detection of one neutrino event during the X-ray flare is much less likely. If the association is real, then IceCube-Gen2 and other future detectors should be able to provide additional evidence for neutrino production in 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and other extreme blazars, assuming similar physical conditions.

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The redshift and the host galaxy of the neutrino candidate 4FGL J0955.1+3551 (3HSP J095507.9+355101)

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

3HSP J095507.9+355101: A flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A

The Spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- II. Source Characterisation

Comprehensive Multimessenger Modeling of the Extreme Blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and Predictions for IceCube

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