The redistribution of stored DDT in cockerels under the influence of food deprivation

Ecobichon, D. J.; Saschenbrecker, Peter W

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(69)90040-4

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This affects DDE levels and increases the rate of clearance during periods of rapid lipid depletion [3,5,18,19]. This affects DDE levels and increases the rate of clearance during periods of rapid lipid depletion [3,5,18,19].…”

Section: Annual Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [¹⁴C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Norstrom¹,

Clark²,

Jeffrey³

et al. 1986

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Radiolabelled [14C]DDE was used as a model compound to determine important factors in the clearance of persistent lipophilic compounds in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus). Adult, breeding male and female gulls were dosed orally during incubation and then captured one week and one year later. After one week, [14C]DDE had equilibrated with native DDE in all tissues. The ratios of DDE levels on a lipid weight basis relative to whole body were as follows: muscle, 0.8 to 0.9; liver, 0.5 to 0.7; egg, 0.4; and brain, 0.1. The plasma/whole body lipid partition coefficient was 0.0041 ± 0.0014. The whole body annual average clearance rate was 0.95 ± 0.51 year−1 (half‐life = 264 d). Native DDE levels in males were twice those in females, but no differences were found for [14C)DDE after one year. The lower levels in females do not appear to be related to excretion of DDE in eggs or higher monooxygenase activity, but they may be related to differences in feeding ecology. Additional physiological and ecological factors must therefore be included in a proposed two‐compartment (plasma/whole body lipid) model of residue levels in eggs based on experimental data from caged gulls.

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Section: Annual Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [¹⁴C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Norstrom¹,

Clark²,

Jeffrey³

et al. 1986

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The effects of RF on the excretion of DDT (3,4), hexachlorobenzene (5,6), and hexachlorobiphenyl (7,8) have been tested. However, the results of these reports are inconsistent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Restricted Feeding on the Absorption, Metabolism, and Accumulation of Pentachlorobenzene in Rats.

Umegaki¹,

Ikegami²,

Ichikawa³

1993

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryTo investigate the effect of restricted feeding (RF) on the absorption, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene (PECB), rats were fed either ad libitum (AD) or a restricted diet (at 25 or 50% of AD) for 15 days. On the 7th day (day 0), PECB (15mg/rat) was orally administered. Daily fecal weight and the total amount of PECB excreted into feces were decreased by RF, indicating an increase in PECB absorption due to its prolonged retention in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the amount of PECB excreted was only 4.8% of the dose given to the AD group, and 2.1 and 2.4% of that given to the 50 and 25% restricted diet groups, respectively. The concentrations of PECB and pentachlorophenol, and major metabolite, in blood of the restricted diet groups were higher on day 2 and day 4, while lower on day 6 and day 8 than those of the AD group. On day 8, PECB in liver, kidney, brain, and fat tissue were also lower in the restricted diet groups; the PECB levels in such tissue in the 25 and 50% restricted diet groups were 10-40 and 5-11% of that in the AD group, respectively. These results indicate that PECB metabolism was increased by RF. As PECB is lipophilic, it is most likely that the fat tissue mass, which was markedly decreased by RF, contributed to the enhancement of PECB metabolism. The mechanism seemed to be as follows: as fat tissue mass accumulating PECB decreased, the concentration of PECB in the liver increased, thus the amount of PECB metabolites formed was increased. Key Words pentachlorobenzene, absorption, accumulation, metabolism, fat tissue, food restriction, rat, pentachlorophenol Various organochlorine chemicals are present in the environment such as pesticides, herbicides, and intermediate products. These chemicals are lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat tissue for a long time without being metabolized. The mobilization of such a chemical from the fat tissue into the blood is an important step toward its metabolism in the liver and its excretion from the body. Restricted feeding (RF) and fasting lead to decreased fat tissue mass, thereby mobilizing the chemical from the fat tissue together with lipolysis and enhancing its metabolism in the liver. In addition, it has been reported that RF treatment influences the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes (1, 2). The effects of RF on the excretion of DDT (3, 4), hexachlorobenzene (5, 6), and hexachlorobiphenyl (7, 8) have been tested. However, the results of these reports are inconsistent. In some cases, RF effectively enhanced chemical metabolism and excretion, but in other cases the treatment led to the redistribution of the chemicals, especially from fat tissue to the brain, and increased their toxicity. In most of these studies, the effect of RF was examined after the administration of the chemicals. RF prior to the administration of the chemicals might greatly influence both the transit time of the chemicals and fat tissue mass. The transit time might affect the absorption of the chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract,...

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“…Countless people are exposed to restricted food intake either voluntarily as in the case of people who diet, or involuntarily in the case of the sick or poor. Previous work by others (Dale et al 1963, Ecobichon and Saschenbrecker 1969, Villeneuve 1975 has shown that food restriction in animals previously exposed to organohalogens causes mobilization of fat depots and a release of the stored chemical which causes a toxic response in the animal. However, very little information is available on the effects of food restriction on organophosphate toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Another important condition which has been found to modify pesticide toxicity is food restriction. However, most of the work in this latter area has been involved with the toxicity of organochlorine compounds (Dale et al 1963, Ecobichon and Saschenbrecker 1969, Villeneuve 1975 and very little information is available on the effects of food restriction on organophosphate exposure. In view of this the present study was undertaken to determine the effects of food restriction on low level parathion (O, O-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effect of food restriction and parathion exposure in rats

Villeneuve

Logten

Tonkelaar

et al. 1978

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. Male rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, or 5 ppm parathion ad libitum for 28 days. Three other groups of rats were fed diets containing 0, 2, or 10 ppm parathion for 28 days but were fed only 50% of the food intake of the corresponding ad libitum groups. Effects on plasma cholinesterase activity and plasma and liver carboxylesterase activities were observed in the 5 ppm and 10 ppm parathion groups. Food restriction increased the inhibition elicited by parathion with each of these parameters. No significant inhibition of brain cholinesterase by parathion alone or with food restriction was observed. Lesions of the pancreas were noted in animals receiving 10 ppm of parathion and subjected to 50% normal food intake.

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The redistribution of stored DDT in cockerels under the influence of food deprivation

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [¹⁴C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [¹⁴C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Effects of Restricted Feeding on the Absorption, Metabolism, and Accumulation of Pentachlorobenzene in Rats.

The combined effect of food restriction and parathion exposure in rats

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The redistribution of stored DDT in cockerels under the influence of food deprivation

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [14C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [14C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Effects of Restricted Feeding on the Absorption, Metabolism, and Accumulation of Pentachlorobenzene in Rats.

The combined effect of food restriction and parathion exposure in rats

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Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [¹⁴C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus): I. distribution and clearance of [¹⁴C]DDE in free‐living herring gulls (Larus argentatus)