The Rediscovery of Shiga Toxin and Its Role in Clinical Disease

Keusch, Gerald T.

doi:10.7883/yoken1952.51.supplement1_s5

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Accompanying this time of fundamental understanding of biology and vaccinology, several branches of vaccine development saw promising starts but eventually stalled or were overtaken by other strategies. For example, S. dysenteria 1 and its associated toxin which caused global outbreaks of severe diarrhea in the 1970s–1990s was a major focus of seminal work by Keusch and colleagues [ 33 ], although it was described 50 years earlier by Conradi, Neisser, and Shiga himself [ 34 ]. Despite the success of diphtheria and pertussis toxoid vaccines, shigella toxoid vaccines were developed and induced very high levels of circulating antibodies but did not ameliorate disease in a non-human primate disease model [ 32 ], suggesting that systemic anti-toxin antibodies were not enough to counteract toxin-mediated effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Kiyoshi Shiga to Present-Day Shigella Vaccines: A Historical Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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We are at an exciting moment in time with the advancement of many vaccines, including a shigella vaccine for the world. It is instructive to look at the long road that some vaccines have traveled to recognize the remarkable accomplishments of those who were pioneers, appreciate the evolution of scientific and applied technology, and inform the future history of a vaccine that would have great potential for global health. To achieve this valuable retrospective, a narrative historical literature review was undertaken utilizing PubMed and Embase databases with relevant search terms. Retrieved articles were reviewed and information was organized into historical themes, landmark discoveries, and important vaccine development parallels. The literature reviewed was synthesized into major eras of shigella vaccine development from pathogen discovery and first attempts to empirical approaches of killed whole-cell and live-attenuated approaches, and a modern era that applied recombinant DNA engineering and structural vaccinology. The history of shigella vaccine development has largely followed the evolutionary path of vaccine development over the last 120 years, but with important lessons learned that should be considered as we embark on the future chapters of bringing to the world a safe and effective vaccine for global health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Kiyoshi Shiga to Present-Day Shigella Vaccines: A Historical Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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“…The nonmannite-nonfermenting strains did not produce the toxin (27,28). The history of Shiga toxin is, in itself, a fascinating tale and the reader is encouraged to read the account written by Keusch (29).…”

Section: Discovery Of the Dysentery Bacillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of Shigella

Lampel

Formal²,

Maurelli

2018

EcoSal Plus

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The history of , the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, is a long and fascinating one. This brief historical account starts with descriptions of the disease and its impact on human health from ancient time to the present. Our story of the bacterium starts just before the identification of the dysentery bacillus by Kiyoshi Shiga in 1898 and follows the scientific discoveries and principal scientists who contributed to the elucidation of pathogenesis in the first 100 years. Over the past century, has proved to be an outstanding model of an invasive bacterial pathogen and has served as a paradigm for the study of other bacterialpathogens. In addition to invasion of epithelial cells, some of those shared virulence traits include toxin production, multiple-antibiotic resistance, virulence genes encoded on plasmids and bacteriophages, global regulation of virulence genes, pathogenicity islands, intracellular motility, remodeling of host cytoskeleton, inflammation/polymorphonuclear leukocyte signaling, apoptosis induction/inhibition, and "black holes" and antivirulence genes. While there is still much to learn from studying pathogenesis, what we have learned so far has also contributed greatly to our broader understanding of bacterial pathogenesis.

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“…In particular, he described the production of toxic factors by the organism. One of these factors, now known as Shiga toxin, was recently reviewed in a historical context [18]. In the years immediately following Shiga's discovery of the dysentery bacillus, similar organisms were described by other investigators.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discoverer of the Dysentery Bacillus

Trofa

Ueno-Olsen

Ōiwa³

et al. 1999

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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The clinical manifestations of dysentery have been described for centuries, and the prototypic bacterial agent, Shigella dysenteriae, was identified 100 years ago. In the English language there has been remarkably little written about Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga, discoverer of the dysentery bacillus. We submit a brief biography of Dr. Shiga and the circumstances leading to his discovery, which proved the bacterial etiology of nonamebic dysentery.

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The Rediscovery of Shiga Toxin and Its Role in Clinical Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

From Kiyoshi Shiga to Present-Day Shigella Vaccines: A Historical Narrative Review

From Kiyoshi Shiga to Present-Day Shigella Vaccines: A Historical Narrative Review

A Brief History of Shigella

Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discoverer of the Dysentery Bacillus

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