The Red Flag and the Ring: The Dances Surrounding Sino‐Vatican Ties

Abstract

This article examines the possibilities of re-established diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Vatican, or the Holy See. It presents this diplomatic dance in historical context and discusses the potential benefits and trade-offs as seen from both sides. The complex relations between multiple Catholic communities within China, especially the "registered" and the "unregistered" church communities, as well as the contentious positions of clerical leadership in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, are discussed. Special attention is given to recent events during the pontificate of Benedict XVI, including the Papal Letter to Chinese Catholics of 2007. Both major actors, the Roman Catholic Church and the People's Republic of China, are treated as dominantly political players attempting to strengthen their hand in a rapidly changing political, social, and economic climate.

Crossroads of Faith and Politics: Understanding Vatican-China Relations in the 21st Century

“…China's attempts to establish diplomatic ties with the Vatican in centuries XIX and XX were hindered by foreign powers' influence, particularly France's efforts to maintain control over Chinese ecclesiastical affairs. Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, relations between the Catholic authorities in Rome and Chinese authorities continued to face strains (Luehrmann, 2009). The Influenced by both political and religious factors, the historical dynamic between China, the Vatican, and Catholicism has undergone significant changes.…”

“…This issue has led to conflicts and disagreements between the Vatican and China, with instances of excommunication being threatened by the Vatican and resentment expressed by Chinese authorities over what they perceive as Vatican interference in their internal affairs (China and the Vatican, 1979-Present, n.d). These tensions are deeply rooted in historical events, including the initial attempts by the Vatican to establish ties with China in 1888 and 1918, and the subsequent division within the Chinese Catholic community (Luehrmann, 2009).…”