The Red Core Root Disease of The Strawberry Caused By<i>Phytophthora Fragariae</i>n.sp.

Hickman, C. J.

doi:10.1080/03683621.1941.11513556

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These are well described by both Hickman (1940) and Bain and Demaree (1945). Hyphal form and dimensions are not usually very good discriminatory characters in Phytophthora identification.…”

Section: Cultural Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…This was described fully by Hickman (1940) and Bain and Demaree (1945). Briefly, affected plants fail to develop or do so only slowly in the spring, with new foliage stunted and often bluish in colour.…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In French bean agar cultures, oospores, often misshapen with deeply pigmented oogonial envelopes, can be found but invariably embedded in pieces of bean, usually starch grains (Hickman, 1940). In contrast, P. rubi forms oospores fairly readily in culture, and they are neither misshapen nor with highly coloured oogonial envelopes.…”

Section: Cultural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…fragariae was first described by Hickman (1940) as the organism causing red core of strawberry. It stood unaltered until Wilcox et al (1993) split it into two varieties: var.…”

Section: Pest Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summer it becomes very difficult to isolate the fungus, and it is thought that the pathogen becomes quiescent, depending for survival upon oospores left in rotted roots (Hickman, 1940;Bain and Demaree, 1945).…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Untitled

2014

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Panel on Plant Health assessed the risk to plant health from Phytophthora fragariae for the European Union and evaluated the current EU legislation and possible risk reduction options. The pest is present in most areas of Europe except southern Mediterranean regions. Entry through the plants for planting, but not seeds, pathway, is assessed as a major pathway, with the probability of entry rated as unlikely and the uncertainty as high. The probability of establishment is likely in the absence of existing disease control practices with low uncertainty. The probability of spread in the absence of a scheme for the production of certified plants for planting is considered to be very likely. With certification, spread is considered to be unlikely to moderately likely, depending on the inclusion of testing for the pathogen as part of certification. These ratings have medium uncertainty. Potential impact is rated as minor with medium uncertainty. The Panel evaluated the effectiveness of current EU legislation regarding the introduction and spread of P. fragariae. According to the regulation the import of Fragaria plants for planting, other than seeds, is prohibited from specified countries, whereas for import of these plants from other countries and for movement of these plants within the EU special requirements with respect to P. fragariae must be fulfilled. If the current legislation specific to P. fragariae were removed, no major consequences would be expected, unless the industry simultaneously ceased its voluntary certification activity. This is largely because of the important level of protection afforded to the industry by the widely used certification schemes for Fragaria, which significantly reduce the risks of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Certification schemes for the movement of Fragaria plants for planting offer the greatest efficiency and feasibility and the least uncertainty, especially if effective detection is incorporated into them. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk of Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae for the European Union (EU) territory and to identify risk reduction options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the current EU requirements against this organism, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into, and its spread within, the EU territory.The Panel conducted the pest risk assessment following the general principles of the -Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options‖ (EFSA PLH Panel, 2010) and of the -Guidance on evaluation of risk reduction options‖ (EFSA PLH Panel, 2012). As Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae is already present in some EU Me...

show abstract

“…These are well described by both Hickman (1940) and Bain and Demaree (1945). Hyphal form and dimensions are not usually very good discriminatory characters in Phytophthora identification.…”

Section: Cultural Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Cultural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…fragariae was first described by Hickman (1940) as the organism causing red core of strawberry. It stood unaltered until Wilcox et al (1993) split it into two varieties: var.…”

Section: Pest Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations