The Recycling Endosome in Nerve Cell Development: One Rab to Rule Them All?

Abstract

Endocytic recycling is an intracellular process that returns internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane and plays crucial roles not only in the reuse of receptor molecules but also in the remodeling of the different components of this membrane. This process is required for a diversity of cellular events, including neuronal morphology acquisition and functional regulation, among others. The recycling endosome (RE) is a key vesicular component involved in endocytic recycling. Recycling back to the cell surface may occur with the participation of several different Rab proteins, which are master regulators of membrane/protein trafficking in nerve cells. The RE consists of a network of interconnected and functionally distinct tubular subdomains that originate from sorting endosomes and transport their cargoes along microtubule tracks, by fast or slow recycling pathways. Different populations of REs, particularly those formed by Rab11, Rab35, and Arf6, are associated with a myriad of signaling proteins. In this review, we discuss the cumulative evidence suggesting the existence of heterogeneous domains of REs, controlling different aspects of neurogenesis, with a particular focus on the commonalities and singularities of these REs and their contribution to nerve development and differentiation in several animal models.

Neuronal RNA granules are ribosome complexes stalled at the pre-translocation state

“…It is known that some Rab proteins are involved in neuronal processes. The Rab18, Rab11a and Rab11b (were also identified in our study) are part of recycling endosomes (RE) and neuronal RE's regulate retrograde neurotrophic signaling, axonal pathway fixation during protein development, renewal and degradation, vesicle recycling, and synaptic plasticity, among other processes (Dittman & Ryan, 2009;Itofusa & Kamiguchi, 2011;Kennedy & Ehlers, 2006;Rozes-Salvador et al, 2020;Winckler & Mellman, 2010). Rab7A is involved in the trafficking of endosomes, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, and regulates tau secretion (Rodriguez et al, 2017).…”

Vps54 Regulates Lifespan and Locomotor Behavior in Adult Drosophila melanogaster

“…Rab11 mediates endosome recycling to the TGN and plasma membrane and regulates the function of recycling endosomes (REs) ( Kelly et al, 2012 ). While Vps54 does not interact with REs directly, they are important components involved in vesicular recycling and they a play critical role in axon development, axon pathfinding, synaptic vesicle recycling, and synaptic plasticity ( Rozes-Salvador et al, 2020 ). Levels of rab11 are downregulated in many neurodegenerative diseases including ALS ( Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Crucial roles of Rab22a in endosomal cargo recycling

“…There are three destination of endosomal cargo recycling, namely the plasma membrane, the TGN in all cell types, and lysosome‐related organelles (LRO) in specialized cell types like melanocyte 75 . At least four molecular complexes are intricately involved in the biogenesis process of the distinct recycling tubule.…”

“…There are three destination of endosomal cargo recycling, namely the plasma membrane, the TGN in all cell types, and lysosome-related organelles (LRO) in specialized cell types like melanocyte. 75 At least four molecular complexes are intricately involved in the biogenesis process of the distinct recycling tubule. The initial complex, known as the retromer, is a highly conserved heterotrimeric protein complex composed of VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26p, which possesses the ability to sort cargo from endosomes to the TGN.…”