The record of volcanism in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation: Implications for the Late Jurassic of western North America

Christiansen, Eric H.; Kowallis, Bart J.; Dorais, Michael J.; Hart, Garret L.; Mills, Chloe N.; Pickard, Megan; Parks, Eric M.

doi:10.1130/2015.2513(11)

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Sandstone in this interval is subfeldspathic to sublithic, contains lenses of chert‐pebble conglomerate, and displays east to northeast directed paleocurrents, consistent with western to southwestern sources (Currie, ; DeCelles, ). Ash‐fall tuffs in the upper part of the formation record a change from subduction‐ to rift‐related geochemical signatures, reflecting a change to transtension (Christiansen et al, ). The Morrison Formation may have been deposited in a backbulge setting with a phantom foredeep located westward (DeCelles, ), or during dynamic subsidence related to foundering of a subducted oceanic slab (Lawton, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middle to Upper Jurassic strata, divided into four intervals (J1 to J4 in Figure b) based on lithology and subsidence patterns, record initial development of a foreland basin system. Ages are closely constrained by biostratigraphy (Imlay, ) and radiometrically dated tuffs (Christiansen et al, ; Sprinkel et al, ). Interval J1 corresponds to the mostly Bajocian (172–168 Ma) lower part of the Twin Creek Formation that comprises marine limestone, thickens gradually westward, and records initial incursion of the interior Sundance seaway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fault Slip and Exhumation History of the Willard Thrust Sheet, Sevier Fold‐Thrust Belt, Utah: Relations to Wedge Propagation, Hinterland Uplift, and Foreland Basin Sedimentation

et al. 2019

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Zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) and zircon fission track thermochronometric data for 47 samples spanning the areally extensive Willard thrust sheet within the western part of the Sevier fold‐thrust belt record enhanced cooling and exhumation during major thrust slip spanning approximately 125–90 Ma. ZHe and zircon fission track age‐paleodepth patterns along structural transects and age‐distance relations along stratigraphic‐parallel traverses, combined with thermo‐kinematic modeling, constrain the fault slip history, with estimated slip rates of ~1 km/Myr from 125 to 105 Ma, increasing to ~3 km/Myr from 105 to 92 Ma, and then decreasing as major slip was transferred onto eastern thrusts. Exhumation was concentrated during motion up thrust ramps with estimated erosion rates of ~0.1 to 0.3 km/Myr. Local cooling ages of approximately 160–150 Ma may record a period of regional erosion, or alternatively an early phase of limited (<10 km) thrust slip. Propagation of the Sevier wedge front and major thrust slip during the late Early to mid‐Cretaceous were synchronous with increasing subsidence and deposition of thick synorogenic strata in the foreland, crustal thickening in the hinterland, growing igneous activity in the Sierran magmatic arc, and increasing plate convergence rates. Along‐strike, other parts of the Cordilleran retroarc fold‐thrust belt also experienced major shortening during the late Early to mid‐Cretaceous, following a period of earlier Cretaceous quiescence. Late Jurassic shortening was concentrated nearer the arc, and thus mostly in the hinterland at the latitude of northern Utah, related to width and location of the passive‐margin sedimentary wedge relative to the plate margin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Slip and Exhumation History of the Willard Thrust Sheet, Sevier Fold‐Thrust Belt, Utah: Relations to Wedge Propagation, Hinterland Uplift, and Foreland Basin Sedimentation

et al. 2019

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“…Subduction-related Jurassic magmatism extended far inland, reaching central Utah (Christiansen et al, 2015). Then, during the latest Cretaceous-Paleocene, arc magmatism ceased over much of the western United States (e.g., Lipman, 1992), manifesting shallow, or "flat, " subduction of the oceanic Farallon plate (Coney and Reynolds, 1977;Severinghaus and Atwater, 1990;Humphreys, 2009; for a critique of the flat slab model, see Jones et al, 2011).…”

Section: Tectonic and Magmatic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Slab-rollback ignimbrite flareups in the southern Great Basin and other Cenozoic American arcs: A distinct style of arc volcanism

et al. 2016

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In continental-margin subduction zones, basalt magmas spawned in the mantle interact with the crust to produce a broad spectrum of volcanic arc associations. A distinct style of very voluminous arc volcanism develops far inland on thick crust over periods of 10-20 m.y. and involves relatively infrequent caldera-forming explosive eruptions of dominantly calc-alkaline rhyolite, dacite, and trachydacite with repose times of 10 4-10 6 yr. Volumes of individual eruptions are large (10 2-10 3 km 3), and nested super-eruptions of thousands of cubic kilometers are common. Calderas are as much as 60-75 km in diameter, and surrounding individual ignimbrite outflow sheets extend outward as much as 150 km, blanketing upwards of 10 5 km 2. Little or no basalt is extruded, whereas andesitic differentiates coeval with silicic ignimbrites range from minor to dominant in relative volume. A common feature in these flareups is essentially nonextending, thick, inland crust overlying a subducting oceanic plate with transverse tears that rolled back to a steeper dip from a previously flat configuration. Lithospheric delamination is locally possible. Large volumes of basalt that provide heat and mass for silicic magma generation in the crust form by fluid fluxing of the growing mantle wedge overlying the steepening dehydrating slab and from asthenospheric decompression. Variations in the mantle input, together with variations in crustal thickness, temperature, and composition, modulate the expression of the flareups. As a consequence of the high flux of mantle-derived magma into the thick crust, geotherms become elevated, and the brittle-ductile transition can rise to depths as shallow as 7 km. At this transition, diapirically rising magmas from a melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization (MASH) zone are blocked and spread laterally into discoid chambers that grow until a thermomechanical threshold is attained, triggering climactic eruption and caldera collapse. This ignimbrite flareup style of continental arc volcanism is exemplified by the mid-Cenozoic southern Great Basin ignimbrite province; other examples include the contemporaneous Southern Rocky Mountain, Mogollon-Datil, vast Sierra Madre Occidental volcanic fields, and the late Cenozoic Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex in the Central Andes. Rhyolitic and trachydacitic ignimbrites typically have erupted, but where the crust was predominantly felsic, prewarmed, and orogenically thickened, well-developed MASH zones have spawned multiple super-eruptions of phenocryst-rich dacite, or monotonous intermediates, and smaller volumes of calc-alkaline rhyolite ignimbrite. In the Great Basin, eruptions of dry, hot trachydacite magma followed the monotonous intermediates. Partial melting in thinner crust with a major mafic component yielded more alkalic rhyolite and related trachydacite.

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“…-Cretaceous retroarc basin sediments are from Barth et al (2004) and Reis et al (2008). Stratigraphy of ashes on the Colorado Plateau is from Kowallis et al (2001), and Christiansen et al (2015). Boundaries of Jurassic epochs are based on the time scale of Walker et al (2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and temporal variability of melts during a Cordilleran magma pulse: Age and chemical evolution of the Jurassic arc, eastern Mojave Desert, California

Barth

Wooden

Miller

et al. 2016

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Intrusive rock sequences in the central and east Mojave Desert segment of the Jurassic Cordilleran arc of the western US record regional and temporal variations in magmas generated during the second prominent pulse of Mesozoic continental arc magmatism. U/Pb zircon ages provide temporal control for describing variations in rock and zircon geochemistry that reflect differences in magma source components. These source signatures are discernible through mixing and fractionation processes associated with magma ascent and emplacement. The oldest well-dated Jurassic rocks defining initiation of the Jurassic pulse are a 183 Ma monzodiorite and a 181 Ma ignimbrite.Early to Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks comprising the main stage of magmatism include two high K calc-alkalic groups; to the north, the deformed 183 to 172 Ma Fort

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The record of volcanism in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation: Implications for the Late Jurassic of western North America

Cited by 18 publications

References 147 publications

Fault Slip and Exhumation History of the Willard Thrust Sheet, Sevier Fold‐Thrust Belt, Utah: Relations to Wedge Propagation, Hinterland Uplift, and Foreland Basin Sedimentation

Fault Slip and Exhumation History of the Willard Thrust Sheet, Sevier Fold‐Thrust Belt, Utah: Relations to Wedge Propagation, Hinterland Uplift, and Foreland Basin Sedimentation

Slab-rollback ignimbrite flareups in the southern Great Basin and other Cenozoic American arcs: A distinct style of arc volcanism

Regional and temporal variability of melts during a Cordilleran magma pulse: Age and chemical evolution of the Jurassic arc, eastern Mojave Desert, California

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