The record of Pliocene sea-level change at Enewetak Atoll

Wardlaw, Bruce R.; Quinn, T. M.

doi:10.1016/0277-3791(91)90023-n

Cited by 98 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…2) using stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll. (2) Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to iteratively solve for the sea-level history since 8.5 Ma as well as the lagoon dissolution rate that best fit corelog stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll (Wardlaw and Quinn, 1991) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black dots indicate bio-stratigraphic tie points for the KAR-1 core (bottom of lagoon) and combined XEN-3 and F-1 cores (top of rim). Unconformities in KAR-1 (lagoon) are taken from Wardlaw and Quinn (1991 Lear et al, 2003). Dark solid lines in panels b-d show LOWESS filter (Cleveland, 1979) of the underlying data.…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, we followed the approach of Wardlaw and Quinn (1991) but updated the timing of identified large nanofossil datums using recent chronology (Raffi et al, 2006). Rim stratigraphy was based on three datasets: (1) core XEN-3, taken on Enjebi island as part of the EXPOE program (Couch et al, 1975), was used to constrain chronology in the upper part (0-83.8 m) of the rim while Table 2 Compilation of empty-bucket atolls from the Marshall, Caroline and Gilbert island chains.…”

Section: Enewetak Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fit (X Run 0 2 ) between the resulting model stratigraphy and published core accumulation histories from Enewetak Atoll ( Fig. 3a; Table 3) (Wardlaw and Quinn, 1991) was then evaluated using a cost function which takes a form similar to the chi-squared test statistic. Next, we proposed a new set of values for the parameters above (F dl , I c , T) randomly drawn from a fixed search distance from their current values and, again, ran the model (Run 1 ) to produce a new synthetic corelog stratigraphy.…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls

Toomey

Ashton

Raymo

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Sea-level records from atolls, potentially spanning the Cenozoic, have been largely overlooked, in part because the processes that control atoll form (reef accretion, carbonate dissolution, sediment transport, vertical motion) are complex and, for many islands, unconstrained on million-year timescales. Here we combine existing observations of atoll morphology and corelog stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll with a numerical model to (1) constrain the relative rates of subsidence, dissolution and sedimentation that have shaped modern Pacific atolls and (2) construct a record of sea level over the past 8.5 million years. Both the stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll (constrained by a subsidence rate of~20 m/Myr) and our numerical modeling results suggest that low sea levels (50-125 m below present), and presumably bi-polar glaciations, occurred throughout much of the late Miocene, preceding the warmer climate of the Pliocene, when sea level was higher than present. Carbonate dissolution through the subsequent sea-level fall that accompanied the onset of large glacial cycles in the late Pliocene, along with rapid highstand constructional reef growth, likely drove development of the rimmed atoll morphology we see today.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enewetak Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls

Toomey

Ashton

Raymo

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…The shallowest reflector is the last glacial subaerial exposure surface and overlays sediments that have been deposited since deglacial flooding, most probably during the mid-late Holocene (Toomey et al, 2013). By analogy, the deeper stratigraphic units likely represent older interglacial deposits separated by exposure horizons similar to stratigraphic sequences documented elsewhere in the Pacific including: Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands (Wardlaw and Quinn, 1991), Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu (Ohde et al, 2002), and Mururoa Atoll (Buigues, 1997;Camoin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Seismic evidence of glacial-age river incision into the Tahaa barrier reef, French Polynesia

Toomey

Woodruff²,

Donnelly

et al. 2016

Marine Geology

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Rivers have long been recognized for their ability to shape reef-bound volcanic islands. On the time-scale of glacial-interglacial sea-level cycles, fluvial incision of exposed barrier reef lagoons may compete with constructional coral growth to shape the coastal geomorphology of ocean islands. However, overprinting of Pleistocene landscapes by Holocene erosion or sedimentation has largely obscured the role lowstand river incision may have played in developing the deep lagoons typical of modern barrier reefs. Here we use high-resolution seismic imagery and core stratigraphy to examine how erosion and/or deposition by upland drainage networks has shaped coastal morphology on Tahaa, a barrier reef-bound island located along the Society Islands hotspot chain in French Polynesia. At Tahaa, we find that many channels, incised into the lagoon floor during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, are located near the mouths of upstream terrestrial drainages. Steeper antecedent topography appears to have enhanced lowstand fluvial erosion along Tahaa's southwestern coast and maintained a deep pass. During highstands, upland drainages appear to contribute little sediment to refilling accommodation space in the lagoon. Rather, the flushing of fine carbonate sediment out of incised fluvial channels by storms and currents appears to have limited lagoonal infilling and further reinforced development of deep barrier reef lagoons during periods of highstand submersion.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Tectonic uplift, sea level changes and Plio‐Pleistocene evolution of a coastal karst system: the Mount Saint Paul (Palawan, Philippines)

Piccini

Iandelli

2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The St. Paul karst (Palawan, Philippines) is a tropical coastal karst, consisting of towers, cones, huge depressions and large caves. This area hosts the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River (PPSR, 24?km long), whose main entrance is a large spring along the coast and which is one of the largest cave complexes in eastern Asia. A geomorphological study performed by several field surveys and a morphometric analysis of the digital terrain model (DTM) and 3D cave models, allowed formulation of a first evolutionary framework of the karst system. The DTM was extracted from maps and aerial photographs in order to find different generations of ‘relict’ landforms, through the morphometric analysis of topographic surface and karst landforms. Several features suggest a long and multi-stage evolution of the karst, whose age ranges from Pliocene to present. The southern and northern sectors of the area differ in their altimetric distribution of caves. In the southern sector, some large caves lie between 300 and 400?m?asl and were part of an ancient system that developed at the base level of a past river network. In the northern sector, some mainly vadose caves occur, with a phreatic level at 120–130?m?asl. An important phase of base-level cave development is well documented in the inactive passages of PPSR at 50–80?m?asl. Morphological features, such as horizontal solution passages and terraced deposits, suggest a phase of stillstand of the base level, which is recorded in the topography as low-relief surfaces at 40–50?m?asl. The age of this phase is probably Early Pleistocene, on the basis of assumed uplift rates. The more recent caves are still active, being located at the current sea level, but they show more than one cycle of flooding and dewatering (with calcite deposition). In the PPSR, several morphologic features, such as two main water level notches at +12·4 and +7·7?m?asl and terraced alluvial deposits, suggest that the lower and active level passed through more than two high-stands of sea level and so it could have formed throughout most of the Middle-Late Pleistocene.INGLES

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The record of Pliocene sea-level change at Enewetak Atoll

Cited by 98 publications

References 14 publications

Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls

Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls

Seismic evidence of glacial-age river incision into the Tahaa barrier reef, French Polynesia

Tectonic uplift, sea level changes and Plio‐Pleistocene evolution of a coastal karst system: the Mount Saint Paul (Palawan, Philippines)

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