The reconstruction of late Quaternary Antarctic sea-ice distribution—the use of diatoms as a proxy for sea-ice

Gersonde, Rainer; Zielinski, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00131-0

Cited by 261 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…the last glacial period (Figs. 1 and 5; Gersonde and Zielinski, 2000;Gersonde et al, 2003Gersonde et al, , 2005. Therefore, the observed glacial decline in biological productivity in the area corresponding to the modern POOZ, e.g.…”

Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, at site PS1772, which is located at the boundary between the present SIZ and POOZ (Nürnberg et al, 1997;Gersonde and Zielinski, 2000), and site PS1768 in the modern POOZ, the abundance of sea-ice adapted diatom species in sediments from the last glacial period gives clear evidence that this area was heavily affected by sea-ice coverage, i.e. both sites were located in the SIZ during (Cortese et al, 2004) during the last 3.8 Myr.…”

Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For sites PS1772 and PS1768 relative concentrations of the sea-ice indicator diatoms Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Fragilariopsis curta (light-grey shaded area) and of the deep-temperature adapted diatom Fragilariopsis obliquecostata (black area) are also shown. Vertical dashed line marks a threshold abundance of 3% indicating seasonal winter sea-ice coverage (F. cylindrus plus F. curta) and summer sea-ice coverage (F. obliquecostata), respectively (diatom data taken from Gersonde and Zielinski, 2000), documenting that sites PS1772 and PS1768 were located in the SIZ during the last glacial period (cf. Fig.…”

Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Hillenbrand

Cortese

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Oceanic stratification represents an effective mechanism to reduce vertical mixing of the water column, thereby locking up carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the deep sea and preventing air-sea exchange of CO 2 . It has been proposed that enhanced stratification of the upper water column in polar oceans during late Cenozoic cooling episodes limited the upwelling of CO 2 -rich deep waters and thus CO 2 -release to the atmosphere, resulting in a net global drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 . Increased stratification in the Subarctic Northwest Pacific, during both the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation at 2.73 Ma and late Quaternary glacial periods, has been recently linked to enhanced ocean stratification south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) in the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. Increased stratification of Southern Ocean surface waters was mainly deduced from a reduction of biological production during these cooling episodes, manifested by the decrease of geochemical proxies for productivity, such as biogenic opal and barium, in the marine sediment records. However, the records chosen from the Southern Ocean do not provide evidence for a more stratified upper water column, rather the observed decrease in biological productivity is likely to have resulted from an expansion of annual sea-ice coverage. The sediment records suggest that south of the APF in the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean, extensive sea ice may have contributed to the global CO 2 -drawdown during glacial periods, with hypothetical glacial increase of stratification in today's permanent open-ocean zone merely being an "add on" caused by this expansion.

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Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Late Pliocene Cooling Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Hillenbrand

Cortese

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…[11] Given the impossibility of making counts on the cleaned, sonicated <20 mm size fraction (which contained a considerable proportion of fragmented diatom frustules), quantitative slides for diatom species counts on the whole assemblage were prepared and performed following the description by Gersonde and Zielinski [2000]. For each sample, a known volume of decarbonated and peroxidetreated sediment was evenly dispersed in a gelatin solution, pipetted onto a glass slide, and allowed to dry at room temperature.…”

Section: Diatom Species Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

et al. 2008

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[1] Measurements of d 13 C, d 15 N, and C/N on diatom-bound organic matter were made over the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from three sediment cores in the Southern Ocean, one each from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific sectors. The site in the Scotia Sea (Atlantic sector) differed considerably from the other two sites by having markedly lower d 13 C, more variable d 15 N and C/N ratios, and a sedimentary diatom assemblage that was never dominated by Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. Although environmental parameters certainly have a strong impact on the isotope ratios, d 13 C is also correlated to the proportion of F. kerguelensis in the three cores investigated here (r 2 = 0.8). Extreme values of d 13 C, d 15 N, and C/N at the Last Glacial Maximum were also related to the abundance of winter stages of Eucampia antarctica. These results suggest that diatom specific isotope records should be interpreted in conjunction with information on the species composition of the samples.

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“…Diatoms are marine siliceous algae which have been used successfully for reconstructing past sea-ice conditions (Crosta et al, 1998;Gersonde and Zielinski, 2000;Justwan and Koç Karpuz, 2008;Allen et al, 2011;Collins et al, 2012;Sha et al, 2014). It has further been demonstrated that diatom records from the study region can be used for quantitative reconstruction of April sea-ice variability (see Materials and methods and Supplementary material) (Sha et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar forcing as an important trigger for West Greenland sea-ice variability over the last millennium

Sha

Jiang

Seidenkrantz

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tArctic sea ice represents an important component of the climate system, and the present reduction of sea ice in the Arctic is of major concern. Despite its importance, little is known about past changes in sea-ice cover and the underlying forcing mechanisms. Here, we use diatom assemblages from a marine sediment core collected from the West Greenland shelf to reconstruct changes in sea-ice cover over the last millennium. The proxy-based reconstruction demonstrates a generally strong link between changes in sea-ice cover and solar variability during the last millennium. Weaker (or stronger) solar forcing may result in the increase (or decrease) in sea-ice cover west of Greenland. In addition, model simulations show that variations in solar activity not only affect local sea-ice formation, but also control the sea-ice transport from the Arctic Ocean through a sea-iceeoceaneatmosphere feedback mechanism. The role of solar forcing, however, appears to have been more ambiguous during an interval around AD 1500, after the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age, likely to be driven by a range of factors.

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The reconstruction of late Quaternary Antarctic sea-ice distribution—the use of diatoms as a proxy for sea-ice

Cited by 261 publications

References 45 publications

Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Solar forcing as an important trigger for West Greenland sea-ice variability over the last millennium

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The reconstruction of late Quaternary Antarctic sea-ice distribution—the use of diatoms as a proxy for sea-ice

Cited by 261 publications

References 45 publications

Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Polar stratification: A critical view from the Southern Ocean

Diatom δ13C, δ15N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Solar forcing as an important trigger for West Greenland sea-ice variability over the last millennium

Contact Info

Product

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Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition