The recognition of viral and chlamydial infection in cervical smears

Laverty, Colin R.; Russell, Peter; Booth, N.; Kappagoda, Nalini K.

doi:10.1016/s0031-3025(16)38694-9

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Cases of nongonococcal, nonchlamydial male urethritis associated with the detection of AdV, particularly AdVs of species D, have attracted attention because of their frequent presentation with concurrent conjunctivitis. 129 131 133 134 135 Importantly, several studies have also documented the detection of AdV in genital specimens of female patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics, with most of the typed detected viruses being AdVs of species D. 135 136 137 138 139 Some of the cases of neonatal AdV infection 140 141 142 reported in the literature are possibly related to the presence of some of these species D AdV types in the female genital tract.…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Adenovirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Types, and Approach to Treatment

Lynch

Kajon

2021

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

127

187

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Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The vast majority of cases are self-limited. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and fatalities may occur. Dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 100 genotypes and 52 serotypes of AdV have been identified and classified into seven species designated HAdV-A through -G. Different types display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant types circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir has been the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States but currently are not available to civilians.

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