The recognition event between virus and host cell receptor: a target for antiviral agents

Insights into neutralization of animal viruses gained from study of influenza virus

“…Such molecules, now being identified, are normal components of the cell surface. Not surprisingly they are a diverse collection of molecules, playing various roles in homeostatic and immune recognition processes [9]. [54,55].…”

“…Initially they all interact very specifically with a receptor on the cell surface which is often, but not always, a protein. Viruses frequently utilise molecules which perform some homeostatic function [9] and are therefore an obligatory feature of the target cell. The reaction takes place between complementary sequences on the virus (the attachment site) and the cell receptor unit.…”

Identification of a putative cellular receptor for bovine herpesvirus 1

“…In the HSV system, mutants lacking gD attach to host cells, but do not enter them (Johnson & Ligas, 1988). Furthermore, gD present on the plasma membrane of cells that constitutively express this glycoprotein interferes with the penetration of superinfecting HSV (Campadelli-Fiume et al, 1988, 1990, suggesting a definite role for gD in penetration of host cells. Direct evidence for the role of BHV-1 gIV (the homologue of HSV gD) in host cell penetration comes from the studies in which bovine fibroblasts expressing glV on their surface showed decreased virus production in comparison to normal fibroblasts (Chase et al, 1990;Chase & Letchworth, 1994).…”

“…This step is followed by virus penetration involving membrane fusion. These two steps together lead to the process of viral entry (Lentz, 1990;Roizman & Sears, 1990). In the case of BHV-1, the major envelope glycoproteins gI, gIII and gIV, the homologues of herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB, gC and gD, have been suggested to mediate these functions (Liang et al, 1991).…”

Critical involvement of human T cell leukaemia virus type I virions in mediating the viral mitogenic effect

“…Binding of virus particles to cell surface receptors sets the stage for entry into the cell, either by direct fusion with the plasma membrane or by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, recognition of receptors by virus particles is a key event for viral tropism in the pathogenesis of infection (Lentz, 1990;Paulson, 1985). As virus receptors are cell surface molecules that are of importance in the physiology of a normal cell, the binding step may represent an early stage interfering with the life of the target cell.…”