The Reasons Behind Long-Term Endemicity of Brucellosis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Samadi, Assadullah; Amiri, Mirwais; Hailat, Nabil

doi:10.1007/s00284-023-03605-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 113 publications

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“…Brucellosis remains being a neglected and complicated disease due to multiple reasons: it is sub-diagnosed, it could progress to a chronic disease, it occurs in multiple domestic and wild animals and as consequence, it causes socio-economic losses specially in low and middle- income countries where agricultural activities are fundamental [ 33 ]. The disease has been classified as “one of the seven neglected endemic zoonotic diseases of particular interest” by the WHO [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond its preferential niche: Brucella abortus RNA down-modulates the IFN-γ-induced MHC-I expression in epithelial and endothelial cells

Serafino,

Bertinat,

Bueno

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Brucella abortus (Ba) is a pathogen that survives inside macrophages. Despite being its preferential niche, Ba infects other cells, as shown by the multiple signs and symptoms humans present. This pathogen can evade our immune system. Ba displays a mechanism of down-modulating MHC-I on monocytes/macrophages in the presence of IFN-γ (when Th1 response is triggered) without altering the total expression of MHC-I. The retained MHC-I proteins are located within the Golgi Apparatus (GA). The RNA of Ba is one of the PAMPs that trigger this phenomenon. However, we acknowledged whether this event could be triggered in other cells relevant during Ba infection. Here, we demonstrate that Ba RNA reduced the surface expression of MHC-I induced by IFN-γ in the human bronchial epithelium (Calu-6), the human alveolar epithelium (A-549) and the endothelial microvasculature (HMEC) cell lines. In Calu-6 and HMEC cells, Ba RNA induces the retention of MHC-I in the GA. This phenomenon was not observed in A-549 cells. We then evaluated the effect of Ba RNA on the secretion of IL-8, IL-6 and MCP-1, key cytokines in Ba infection. Contrary to our expectations, HMEC, Calu-6 and A-549 cells treated with Ba RNA had higher IL-8 and IL-6 levels compared to untreated cells. In addition, we showed that Ba RNA down-modulates the MHC-I surface expression induced by IFN-γ on human monocytes/macrophages via the pathway of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). So, cells were stimulated with an EGFR ligand-blocking antibody (Cetuximab) and Ba RNA. Neutralization of the EGFR to some extent reversed the down-modulation of MHC-I mediated by Ba RNA in HMEC and A-549 cells. In conclusion, this is the first study exploring a central immune evasion strategy, such as the downregulation of MHC-I surface expression, beyond monocytes and could shed light on how it persists effectively within the host, enduring unseen and escaping CD8+ T cell surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond its preferential niche: Brucella abortus RNA down-modulates the IFN-γ-induced MHC-I expression in epithelial and endothelial cells

Serafino,

Bertinat,

Bueno

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The many faces of brucellosis: diagnostic and management approach

El Ayoubi,

Challita,

Kanj

2024

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review This review aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of brucellosis, emphasizing the latest advancements in its diagnosis and management. Given the global prevalence and potential complications of brucellosis, understanding recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies is crucial for clinicians. Recent findings Recent literature reveals significant progress in diagnostic methods, including the application of fluorescence polarization immunoassay and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer technologies as well as the invention of artificial Brucella antigens, which offer enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Advances in molecular diagnostics and serological tests have improved early detection rates, however their interpretation remains challenging. Evolving treatment regimens such as the use of hydroxychloroquine as part of triple therapy and the use of nano-delivery systems in therapies have shown promise, in hopes of reducing relapse rates and managing chronic cases. Summary The findings underscore the necessity for clinicians to adopt a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing brucellosis. Integrating advanced diagnostic tools with tailored therapeutic strategies can significantly improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing these diagnostic techniques and exploring novel therapeutic agents.

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Analysis of the Situation on Brucellosis around the World and in the Russian Federation

Ponomarenko,

Matvienko,

Khachaturova

et al. 2024

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Data on the incidence of brucellosis and main trends in the development of situation on this infection in countries around the world under current conditions are provided in the review. A detailed analysis of epizootiological and epidemiological situation regarding brucellosis in the Russian Federation over the last decade and a forecast for human brucellosis incidence for 2024 are given. It is established that global situation on brucellosis in different regions of the world has undergone changes over the past 15–20 years. One can observe an almost twofold increase in the number of countries affected by brucellosis in the world. A relatively high brucellosis morbidity rates were recorded in some countries in Africa, Central Asia, South and South-East Asia, Central and South America. In countries of the European Union, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of human brucellosis cases associated with travel to enzootic countries. In the Russian Federation, an unstable epidemiological situation has been observed over the past 10 years. 3537 cases were identified. In 2022–2023, an emerging trend towards an increase in incidence of brucellosis among population by 30–50 % as compared to long-term average values was recorded, linked to occurrence of cattle epizooties, including at large livestock enterprises; formation of group epidemic foci in previously relatively brucellosis-free territories of the Central, Volga and Southern Federal Districts; and the deterioration of epizootic situation on brucellosis in the Republic of Dagestan and a number of constituent entities of Siberian Federal District. Situation on brucellosis in the Smolensk and Bryansk Regions requires closer attention. There are signs of rooting (enzooty) and further spread of brucellosis among cattle there in 2023. In 2024, incidence rate can be predicted to be 35–40 % higher than the long-term average values. The number of human brucellosis cases may be approximately 480–530 (0.32–0.36 per 100 000 population).

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The Reasons Behind Long-Term Endemicity of Brucellosis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Cited by 3 publications

References 113 publications

Beyond its preferential niche: Brucella abortus RNA down-modulates the IFN-γ-induced MHC-I expression in epithelial and endothelial cells

Beyond its preferential niche: Brucella abortus RNA down-modulates the IFN-γ-induced MHC-I expression in epithelial and endothelial cells

The many faces of brucellosis: diagnostic and management approach

Analysis of the Situation on Brucellosis around the World and in the Russian Federation

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