The Reason for the Shape of the Distensibility Curves of Arteries

Roach, Margot R.; Burton, Alan C.

doi:10.1139/y57-080

Cited by 365 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The stress-strain response was nonlinear, characteristic of many tissues (Fig. 3) [27]. As expected, anisotropic behavior was observed in the tensile strength of the tissue.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

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Prefailure and Failure Mechanics of the Porcine Ascending Thoracic Aorta: Experiments and a Multiscale Model

Shah

Witzenburg

Hadi

et al. 2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA) have a high propensity for dissection, which occurs when the hemodynamic load exceeds the mechanical strength of the aortic media. Despite our recognition of this essential fact, the complex architecture of the media has made a predictive model of medial failure-even in the relatively simple case of the healthy vessel-difficult to achieve. As a first step towards a general model of ATAA failure, we characterized the mechanical behavior of healthy ascending thoracic aorta (ATA) media using uniaxial stretch-to-failure in both circumferential (n ¼ 11) and axial (n ¼ 11) orientations and equibiaxial extensions (n ¼ 9). Both experiments demonstrated anisotropy, with higher tensile strength in the circumferential direction (2510 6 439.3 kPa) compared to the axial direction (750 6 102.6 kPa) for the uniaxial tests, and a ratio of 1.44 between the peak circumferential and axial loads in equibiaxial extension. Uniaxial tests for both orientations showed macroscopic tissue failure at a stretch of 1.9. A multiscale computational model, consisting of a realistically aligned interconnected fiber network in parallel with a neo-Hookean solid, was used to describe the data; failure was modeled at the fiber level, with an individual fiber failing when stretched beyond a critical threshold. The best-fit model results were within the 95% confidence intervals for uniaxial and biaxial experiments, including both prefailure and failure, and were consistent with properties of the components of the ATA media.

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“…The stress-strain response was nonlinear, characteristic of many tissues (Fig. 3) [27]. As expected, anisotropic behavior was observed in the tensile strength of the tissue.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Biaxial samples (n ¼ 9), as with uniaxial samples, exhibited a nonlinear stress-strain response, characteristic of biological tissues (Fig. 3(b)) [27]. As all samples exhibited similar nonlinear behavior, it is reasonable to consider the mean response ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefailure and Failure Mechanics of the Porcine Ascending Thoracic Aorta: Experiments and a Multiscale Model

Shah

Witzenburg

Hadi

et al. 2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…22 Roach and Burton have demonstrated that under very low pressure or stress, the elastic modulus of the arterial wall is very close to the elastic modulus of elastin alone, because little or no collagen bears stress under this condition. 23 Cox has shown a significant correlation between the initial slope of the stress-strain curve at zero stress and the elastin content. 24 The mean elastic modulus of elastin (E inc at 0 stress) in this study was approximately 1.0ϫ10 6 dyne/cm 2 .…”

Section: Bank Et Al Brachial Artery Elasticity 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Human Brachial Artery Elastic Mechanics

et al. 1999

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Background--The effects of smooth muscle relaxation on arterial wall mechanics are controversial. We used a new, in vivo, noninvasive technique to measure brachial artery wall mechanics under baseline conditions and following smooth muscle relaxation with nitroglycerin (NTG). Methods and Results-Eight healthy, normal subjects (6 male, 2 female; age 30Ϯ3.1 years) participated in the study. The nondominant brachial artery was imaged through a water-filled blood pressure cuff using an external ultrasound wall-tracking system at baseline and following 0.4 mg sublingual NTG. Simultaneous radial artery pressure waveforms were recorded by tonometry. Transmural pressure (TP) was reduced by increasing water pressure in the cuff. Brachial artery area, unstressed area, compliance, stress, strain, incremental elastic modulus (E inc ), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured over a TP range from 0 to 100 mm Hg. Baseline area versus TP curves generated 30 minutes apart were not significantly different. NTG significantly shifted area versus TP (PϽ0.0001) and compliance versus TP (PϽ0.001) curves upward, whereas the E inc versus TP (PϽ0.05) and PWV versus TP (PϽ0.01) curves were shifted downward. NTG also significantly shifted stress versus strain (PϽ0.01) and E inc versus strain (PϽ0.01) curves to the right. Conclusions-We conclude that brachial artery elastic mechanics can be reproducibly measured over a wide range of TP and smooth muscle tone using a new noninvasive ultrasound technique. Smooth muscle relaxation with NTG increases isobaric compliance and decreases isobaric E inc and PWV in the human brachial artery. (Circulation. 1999;100:41-47.)

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“…While further studies need to be done to define changes in elastin composition, mechanical data indicate changes in the ECM composition and structure. 28 Oxygen was most deficient in constructs cultured using 11% O 2 conditions and resulted in the least cell migration of all conditions. These 11% O 2 conditions further decreased the amount of available oxygen deep within the construct resulting in cells remaining on the surface without significant migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Directed Oxygen Gradients Initiate a Robust Early Remodeling Response in Engineered Vascular Grafts

Moore

McFetridge

2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Whereas functionally different, both organogenesis and wound-healing processes create zones or regions of hypoxia that persist until capillary networks are formed to facilitate oxygen and nutrient delivery. Similarly, regenerative processes within in vitro engineered tissues experience the same hypoxic regions, but without the capacity to form functional capillaries resulting in a major limitation in developing full-thickness organs and tissues. Due to the importance of oxygen in wound healing and tissue regeneration, we hypothesize that directed oxygen gradients can be used to modulate cell function and promote more effective tissue regeneration. The effect of controlled oxygen gradients on human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was assessed using dual chambered perfusion bioreactors to regulate transport conditions occurring in a model vascular construct. SMCs were seeded onto the ablumenal surface of the scaffold and cultured for 21 days under 3 independent gas environments: (1) 21% oxygen, (2) 11% oxygen, or (3) an ablumen to lumen oxygen gradient from 11% to 21%. When compared to 21% oxygen and 11% oxygen conditions, the directed 11%-21% oxygen gradient resulted in a raised metabolic activity and significantly improved cell migration. After 21 days from seeding, cells were shown to migrate entirely across the scaffold to the vessel lumen ( > 450 mm). Concomitant with a more uniform cell dispersion, scaffold mechanics were significantly enhanced with increased stiffness and tensile strength. Native oxygen gradients are known to play a pivotal role during organ development; these results show that directed oxygen gradients within in vitro systems can be used to facilitate early remodeling leading to significantly enhanced cell migration and scaffold biomechanics.

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The Reason for the Shape of the Distensibility Curves of Arteries

Cited by 365 publications

References 6 publications

Prefailure and Failure Mechanics of the Porcine Ascending Thoracic Aorta: Experiments and a Multiscale Model

Prefailure and Failure Mechanics of the Porcine Ascending Thoracic Aorta: Experiments and a Multiscale Model

In Vivo Human Brachial Artery Elastic Mechanics

Directed Oxygen Gradients Initiate a Robust Early Remodeling Response in Engineered Vascular Grafts

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