The realisation of the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids under the influence of feeding conditions

Abstract

The use of microfertilisers against the background of the main fertiliser helps to increase the efficiency of using nutrients of mineral fertilisers and soil by plants, which ensures an increase in yield and an improvement in the quality indicators of the grown crop. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of crop nutrition conditions and select highly productive hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. Field studies were conducted during 2018-2019 on typical low-humus chernozems of the Chernihiv region. The study programme provided for the laying of a three-factor field experiment, in which hybrids (factor A) fertiliser options (Factor B), and foliar top dressing (factor C) were examined in the phases of 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Boron, Nertus Boron, Bast Boron products. Sunflower hybrids under study are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, and NK Neoma. Studies showed that the most productive was the SI Kupava hybrid with the maximum yield indicator in the option with the application of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in the phases of 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l/ha) – 3.46 t/ha. The fat content in sunflower seeds was determined by the morphobiological features of the hybrid and fertiliser options. The use of foliar top dressing with microelements had a positive effect on the fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids, which allowed obtaining the maximum indicator in the option with the application of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the SI Kupava hybrid – 51.1%. The maximum content of oleic acid was identified in the SI Kupava hybrid in the option with added N27R42K81S21 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) – 77.2%. Due to the use of fertilisers containing boron, the content of this polyunsaturated acid can be increased, improving the quality indicators of sunflower seed oil. The highest oil yield, according to the calculations performed, was obtained in the option with the application of N36R56K108S28+N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the SI Kupava hybrid, which amounted to 1.64 tonnes per 1 hectare