Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

2021

DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0272

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The Real Threat of Deepfake Pornography: A Review of Canadian Policy

Vasileia Karasavva

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Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) refers to criminal, civil, or otherwise harmful, sexually aggressive, harassing, or coercive behaviors that are perpetrated with the aid of technology ( Henry & Powell, 2018 ). One form of TFSV is image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), which includes the non-consensual creation of someone else’s nude or sexual image, like in deep faked pornography ( Karasavva & Noorbhai, 2021 ) or the dissemination of nude or sexual images of someone else without their permission or even knowledge (NCII; McGlynn et al, 2017 ). The disseminated images may then be shared via private channels, like texts, or posted on host websites that are dedicated to IBSA-related material ( Clancy et al, 2020 ; Hearn & Hall, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality, Attitudinal, and Demographic Predictors of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images

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2021

J Interpers Violence

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Non-consensual intimate image dissemination (NCII), or else better known as “revenge pornography” is a form of technology-facilitated sexual violence that can have devastating effects on the victim. This is one of the first studies examining how demographic characteristics (gender, sexual orientation), personality traits (Dark Tetrad), and attitudes (aggrieved entitlement, sexual entitlement, sexual image abuse myth acceptance) predict NCII perpetration and victimization. In a sample of 810 undergraduate students (72.7% female and 23.3% male), 13.7% of the participants had at some point in their life, distributed nude, or sexual pictures of someone else without consent and 28.5% had experienced such victimization. NCII perpetration was predictive of NCII victimization and vice versa. Using binomial logistic regression, we found that women, members of the LGBQ+ community, those scoring higher in sadism, and participants with a history of NCII perpetration were more likely to report that someone had distributed their nude or sexual image without consent. Further, we found that those scoring higher in narcissism and sadism, along with those with a history of NCII victimization were more likely to report they had distributed the nude or sexual image of someone else without consent. Finally, the findings suggest that the relationship between victims and perpetrators is quite a bit more varied than the term “revenge pornography” implies.

“…Technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) refers to criminal, civil, or otherwise harmful, sexually aggressive, harassing, or coercive behaviors that are perpetrated with the aid of technology ( Henry & Powell, 2018 ). One form of TFSV is image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), which includes the non-consensual creation of someone else’s nude or sexual image, like in deep faked pornography ( Karasavva & Noorbhai, 2021 ) or the dissemination of nude or sexual images of someone else without their permission or even knowledge (NCII; McGlynn et al, 2017 ). The disseminated images may then be shared via private channels, like texts, or posted on host websites that are dedicated to IBSA-related material ( Clancy et al, 2020 ; Hearn & Hall, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality, Attitudinal, and Demographic Predictors of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images

¹

,

²

2021

J Interpers Violence

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Non-consensual intimate image dissemination (NCII), or else better known as “revenge pornography” is a form of technology-facilitated sexual violence that can have devastating effects on the victim. This is one of the first studies examining how demographic characteristics (gender, sexual orientation), personality traits (Dark Tetrad), and attitudes (aggrieved entitlement, sexual entitlement, sexual image abuse myth acceptance) predict NCII perpetration and victimization. In a sample of 810 undergraduate students (72.7% female and 23.3% male), 13.7% of the participants had at some point in their life, distributed nude, or sexual pictures of someone else without consent and 28.5% had experienced such victimization. NCII perpetration was predictive of NCII victimization and vice versa. Using binomial logistic regression, we found that women, members of the LGBQ+ community, those scoring higher in sadism, and participants with a history of NCII perpetration were more likely to report that someone had distributed their nude or sexual image without consent. Further, we found that those scoring higher in narcissism and sadism, along with those with a history of NCII victimization were more likely to report they had distributed the nude or sexual image of someone else without consent. Finally, the findings suggest that the relationship between victims and perpetrators is quite a bit more varied than the term “revenge pornography” implies.

“…En fait, l'amélioration de ces logiciels les a rendus facilement accessibles à tous, mais surtout très faciles d'utilisation (Karasavva et Noorbhai, 2021).…”

Section: N O U V E a U P R O B L è M E D E S O C I é T éunclassified

“…Cette facilité jumelée à son accessibilité ont fait en sorte que n'importe quel individu peut dorénavant créer un deepfake très réaliste de n'importe qui (Karasavva et Noorbhai, 2021).…”

Section: N O U V E a U P R O B L è M E D E S O C I é T éunclassified

“…), expliquent que les DP non consensuels perpétuent la tendance d'utiliser les images des femmes pour les harceler, les humilier et leur faire du mal (p. 424).Devant l'omniprésence des DP non consensuels dans l'espace numérique, plusieurs spécialistes dénoncent les conséquences graves qu'ont ces vidéos sur la vie professionnelle et personnelle des victimes (p. ex Gosse et Burkell, 2020 ;Karasavva et Noorbhai, 2021;Maddocks, 2018)…”

unclassified

“…Par exemple, lors de la création de DP, le créateur s'approprie les photos de sa victime sans son consentement et réalise une fausse vidéo de cette personne dans une situation sexuellement compromettante(Maddocks, 2018). Par conséquent, la publication de ces vidéos vient non seulement affecter la vie privée de cette personne, mais vient aussi nuire directement à sa réputation(Karasavva et Noorbhai, 2021). Selon une étude récente, « 80 % des employeurs admettent faire des recherches Internet sur leur potentiel employé et dans 70 % des cas, les résultats ont eu un impact négatif » (Gieseke, 2020, p. 1484).…”

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See 2 more Smart Citations

Les deepfakes pornographiques : un problème reflétant la société selon une perspective féministe

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2022

Academic Journal of Criminology X Journal Universitaire De Criminologie

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“He looks very real”: Media, knowledge, and search‐based strategies for deepfake identification

Goh

2024

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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Deepfakes are a potential source of disinformation and the ability to detect them is imperative. While research focused on algorithmic detection methods, there is little work conducted on how people identify deepfakes. This research attempts to fill this gap. Using semi‐structured interviews, participants were asked to identify real and deepfake videos and explain how their decisions were made. Three categories of deepfake identification strategies emerged: the use of surface video and audio cues, processing of the messages conveyed in the video, and the searching of external sources. Participants often used multiple strategies within each category. However, identification challenges occurred due to participants' preconceived notions of deepfake characteristics and the message embodied in the video. This work contributes to research by shifting the focus from the algorithmic detection of deepfakes to human‐oriented strategies. Practically, the findings provide guidance on how people can identify deepfakes, which can also form the basis for the development of educational materials.

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