The reactive oxygen species are involved in resistance responses of wheat to the Russian wheat aphid

Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines

“…The BIN 26 representing 'Misc' group comprised most transcripts (58) with genes related to oxidases, peroxidase, GST, cytochrome P450, etc. The transcripts identified to mediate amino acid metabolism (39), protein related (39), transport (38), stress (24) and signaling related transcripts (23) comprised other major groups. Also, the BINs related to lipid metabolism (15), secondary metabolism (15), hormone metabolism (14), RNA (14), redox regulation (12), nucleotide metabolism (11), cell (11), development (10), and cell wall modification (9) had substantial number of genes.…”

“…After sensing aphid feeding, Ca 2+ sensors activate downstream defense signaling cascades by increasing expression of calmodulin, calmodulin binding proteins, and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) [21]. The role of ROS in mediating herbivore attack by either chewing or piercing/sucking insects is unquestionable; however, the nature of response depends on type of herbivory and duration and intensity of feeding [4,[22][23][24].…”

Involvement of reactive oxygen species generating enzymes and hydrogen peroxide in the rust resistance response of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)

“…Keller et al (1998) proposed that plants have a NADPH oxidase complex similar to that in animal cells, but with distinct regulatory mechanisms. The association of NADPH oxidase with resistance responses is not only limited to resistance against pathogens, but also insects, as has been found by Moloi and Van der Westhuizen (2006) for wheat plants challenged with the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia.…”

“…To determine NADPH oxidase activity leaf tissue (0.5 g) was ground and extracted according to Milosevic and Slusarenko (1996) as modified by Moloi and van der Westhuizen (2006). The reaction mixture contained 800 µl of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7), 100 µl 150 mM NADPH, 20 µl 10 µM potassium cyanide and 80 µl enzyme extract.…”

“…Hydrogen peroxide content in leaf tissue was determined spectrophotometrically at 415 nm using a method adapted from Ferguson et al (1983) as modified by Moloi and van der Westhuizen (2006). Hydrogen peroxide concentration was estimated from a prepared calibration curve and expressed per fresh mass.…”