The Reaction of Oxygen with Carbonaceous Compounds and Trace Mineral Constituents in an Inductive Electrodeless Discharge

Gleit, Chester E.

doi:10.1021/ba-1969-0080.ch018

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The question of whether or not the last traces of osmium are removed by plasma microincineration has a general importance for the interpretation of ash patterns from osmium tetroxide-fixed material and bears directly on the composition of the mitochondrial matrix granules. Macroscopic experiments with pure osmium corn-pounds (Gleit, 1969) and preparations of osmium black (Frazier, 1971) have shown complete volatilization of the element during oxygen plasma ashing, in agreement with chemical expectations (Kleinberg et al, 1960). On the other hand, microscopic, morphological indications of complete osmium loss from tissue sections during ashing have been ambiguous or inconsistent (Thomas & Greenawalt, I968 ;Thomas, 1969;Hohman & Schraer, 1972) and this discrepancy was not resolved (since not addressed) by microprobe studies (Frazier, 1971 ;Hohman & Schraer, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

X‐ray microanalysis of epon sections after oxygen plasma microincineration

Barnard¹,

Thomas²

1978

Journal of Microscopy

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Dark-gold sections of osmium tetroxide-fixed, Epon-embedded brown adipose tissue before and after low-temperature oxygen plasma microincineration were examined using a high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Microincineration produced ash patterns which were free of organic matrix, chlorine (from the Epon) and probably osmium (from the fixative). X-ray sensitivity was improved by a factor of 2-4 owing to decreased background, and sulphur, calcium and probably phosphorus were detected in the ash. Fidelity of the ash patterns permitted microanalytical spatial resolution of 0.1 micrometer or better. Oxygen plasma microincineration is thus shown to offer advantages for high resolution X-ray microanalysis of conventionally sectioned biological material. Its future application to shock-frozen, frozen-dried, unstained sections is indicated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

X‐ray microanalysis of epon sections after oxygen plasma microincineration

Barnard¹,

Thomas²

1978

Journal of Microscopy

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“…The present experience in trying to determine the nature of the normal dense granules in osmiumfixed mitochondria suggests that microincineration may be generally useful in discriminating between heavily OsO4-fixed structures and mineralized structures seen in osmium-fixed thin sections. It may prove generally so, as here, that osmium is completely volatilized from high temperature ash patterns, and even from low temperature ashed specimens (Gleit, 1967;Thomas, 1968). Thus electron-opaque structures leaving an ash could be unambiguously categorized as mineral.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Loss of the mitochondrial mineral by initial high temperature ashing at 600C is probably due to organic material formed into volatile complexes with the mineral. Alternatively, the initial state of the mineral itself, before low temperature oxidation, might be volatile at high temperature (Gleit, 1967). The apparent melting or scintering of the ash seen at 700°C is not inconsistent with a metallic phosphate (see previous section of Discussion) or even with a metallic oxide (see references in Thomas, 1968).…”

Section: Al Sh Patterns From Control Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Microincineration, Electron Microscopy, and Electron Diffraction of Calcium Phosphate-Loaded Mitochondria

Thomas

Greenawalt

1968

The Journal of Cell Biology

106

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Isolated rat liver mitochondria were incubated in vitro under conditions supporting the massive accumulation of calcium and phosphate. Samples were embedded, thin sectioned, and examined in the electron microscope. The intramitochondrial distribution of insoluble or structure-bound mineral substances was studied by electron microscopy coupled with recently developed techniques of high resolution microincineration. As shown previously, the ion-loaded mitochondria acquire large, internal granules which have inherent electron opacity indicative of high mineral content. Study of ash patterns in preselected areas of sections directly confirmed the high mineral content of the granules, and the appearance of the residues was consistent with the copresence in the granules of some organic material. Other mitochondrial structures were almost devoid of mineral. Thin sections of unincubated control mitochondria also were incinerated. They were found to contain appreciable amounts of intrinsic mineral, seemingly associated with membranes. The normal, dense matrix granules commonly seen in unaltered mitochondria could be seen in intact sections of these control preparations, but after burning no definite correspondence of any ash to the granules could be demonstrated. The normal granules perhaps do not contain mineral. Heating experiments on ash patterns of all the preparations demonstrated the thermal stability and crystallizability of the ash. The crystallized ash of the in vitro-produced dense granules was tentatively shown by electron diffraction to be 3-tricalcium phosphate (whitlockite). This, together with evidence from the literature, suggests that the original, noncrystalline mineral may be a colloidal, subcrystalline precursor of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite. Experiments were performed on synthetic calcium phosphates for comparison. Other possible applications of the microincineration techniques are briefly discussed.

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“…The very high electron temperature may lead to increase the reaction temperature inside the plasma reactor that may cause a reverse reaction or decrease in the rate of the CO 2 decomposition reaction (Istadi, 2006;Aresta et al, 2010). Other research showed that there was no reaction happened at all at temperature above 300 o C (Gleit, 1969).…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Times and Plasma Voltages Against The Co mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide in the Three‐pass Flow DBD Non‐thermal Plasma Reactor

Winanti

Purwanto²,

Bismo³

2014

IJTech

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as one of the greenhouse gas emissions was decomposed to Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxygen (O 2 ) in the three-pass flow Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma reactor, a new designed reactor that having special configuration of its reactant gas flow. This configuration can simultaneously cools the High Voltage Electrode (HVE) during the reaction process; and preheats the gas feed flow before entering plasma zone as well. This article explains the result of a preliminary research which aims to observe the performance of this reactor in utilizing CO 2 , mixed with CH 4 to produce synthesis gas CO and H 2 , in a CO 2 reforming process. This research was conducted using 3 (three) different reactor lengths, they were 36, 24 and 12 cm (Re1, Re2 and Re3), to observe the results of CO 2 decomposition performance in the difference reactor lengths, and to observed the occurrence of reverse reaction inside the Re1 reactor. Other parameters were feed flow rates and the reactor voltage. Applied CO 2 flow rates were 500, 1000 and 1500 SCCM/minute and applied reactor voltage were 5.4; to 9.5 kV. Results show that the conversion of CO 2 was increased with the increasing of reactor voltage and longer reactor. The highest conversion was achieve at the lowest feed flow rate 500 SCCM/minute, this mean in the longest residence time. However, CO 2 was only reaching the maximum conversion value on the reaction time of 2.1 minute, and dropped off after that. It is possibly caused by occurring of the reversed reaction due to the high temperature plasma reaction. At that point, the Specific Energy (SE) was 270 kJ/mol. This value is lower compare to the previous research results, as well as compare to its energy bonding, that shows the more energy efficient performance of this reactor.

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The Reaction of Oxygen with Carbonaceous Compounds and Trace Mineral Constituents in an Inductive Electrodeless Discharge

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

X‐ray microanalysis of epon sections after oxygen plasma microincineration

X‐ray microanalysis of epon sections after oxygen plasma microincineration

Microincineration, Electron Microscopy, and Electron Diffraction of Calcium Phosphate-Loaded Mitochondria

Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide in the Three‐pass Flow DBD Non‐thermal Plasma Reactor

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