The reaction mechanism of SnSb and Sb thin film anodes for Na-ion batteries studied by X-ray diffraction, 119Sn and 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopies

High‐Performance Sb/Sb2O3 Anode Materials Using a Polypyrrole Nanowire Network for Na‐Ion Batteries

“…Among the anode material candidates, Sb is one of the most promising due to its high theoretical capacity and relatively low reaction potential. [ 10,11 ] When assuming complete sodiation of Sb into Na 3 Sb, the theoretical capacity of Sb is ≈660 mAh g −1 . Nevertheless, pure Sb electrodes exhibit poor cyclability because of the structural and electrical failure of Sb that originates from the signifi cant volume change (up to ≈390%) during sodiation/desodiation.…”

“…One approach introduces active or inactive phases to act as a buffer matrix against the volume expansion of Sb, such as Sb/C, [ 12 ] SnSb, [ 11,13,14 ] FeSb 2 , [ 15 ] Sb/Cu 2 Sb, [ 16 ] Cu 2 Sb, [ 17,18 ] SiC/Sb/C, [ 19 ] and Sn-Ge-Sb. [ 20 ] Xiao et al suggested that multiple phases in the Sb-based composites can enhance the cycle stability and maintain electrical contact by self-supporting each other.…”

Ultrafast and Highly Reversible Sodium Storage in Zinc‐Antimony Intermetallic Nanomaterials

“…Recently, Sb/C nanofi bers [ 40 ] have also attracted a lot of attention due to their high reversible capacity (631 mAh g −1 ), good cycling stability (90% capacity retention after 400 cycles), and excellent rate capability (337 mAh g −1 ). Additionally, intermetallics of Sb or Sn, such as SnSb, [ 29,35 ] Cu 2 Sb, [ 30,44 ] Mo 3 Sb 7 , [ 31 ] AlSb, [ 32 ] FeSb 2 , [ 34 ] CoSn 2 , [ 37 ] and Cu 6 Sn 5 , [ 33 ] show more appealing aspects compared to their pure forms since they provide enhanced capacity retention and faster kinetics.…”

Elucidating the origin of superior electrochemical cycling performance: new insights on sodiation–desodiation mechanism of SnSb from operando spectroscopy

“…1 and 2, being well in line with the hypothesis of Xiao et al, 9 but in partial contradiction with other works, which suggested the direct formation of sodiated tin phases without the formation of tin intermediates. 10 These authors, however, proposed a sodiation mechanism based mainly on ex situ 119 Sn Mössbauer spectra measured solely at room temperature and on relaxed samples. Unfortunately, these spectra could not be fitted in an unequivocal way and thus provided only an incomplete sketch of the whole mechanism.…”

“…However, due to amorphization upon reaction and the extended use of only ex situ characterizations, the obtained information content is somewhat limited and remains partially ambiguous. 10 In particular, the authors claimed the simultaneous 18 This chemometric approach allows the identification of the main contributing components as well as the analysis of their local structure and their order of appearance and disappearance during the electrochemical reaction.…”