The ratio of glycosaminoglycans to collagen in the skin in malignant melanoma

Nissen, H. P.; Kreysel, H. W.

doi:10.1007/bf00510395

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In a study investigating the ratio of collagen to the sum of GAGs in skin malignant melanoma, it was found that this ratio was reduced, particularly in the centre of the tumour. This has been attributed to the pathological increase in GAGs (Nissen & Kreysel 1982). Our results showed similar findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma‐associated spongiform scleropathy: biochemical changes and possible relation to tumour extension

Alyahya

Ribel-Madsen

Heegaard

et al. 2003

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate biochemical changes of the sclera in eyes with melanomaassociated spongiform scleropathy (MASS), and to analyse possible relationships between these changes and tumour extension. Methods: Sections from 364 eyes, enucleated for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma, were examined for MASS and scleral tumour extension. Biochemical analysis was also performed on eight scleral specimens with MASS and eight specimens (controls) from morphologically normal sclera of the same eyes. The scleral thickness of each specimen was measured. Samples were delipidized, dried and weighed. The weight ratios of collagen-related amino acids were calculated based on quantitation by liquid chromatography. Amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were determined by electrophoresis. Results: Melanoma-associated spongiform scleropathy was seen in 140 eyes (38.5%). Tumour scleral extension was observed in 82 eyes. Of these 82 eyes, 75 (91.5%) had MASS (p < 0.05). Biochemically, the majority of the main amino acids of the scleral collagen and total proteins were significantly lower in areas with MASS than in the control specimens. Specific GAGs and total GAGs were found in significantly higher concentrations in areas with MASS than in the control specimens. Scleral thickness was also significantly higher in areas with MASS than in the control specimens. Conclusions: The reduced content of collagen manifested by decreased amino acids and total proteins indicates collagen degradation in the vicinity of the tumour. The concomitant excessive deposition of GAGs accumulates water and may cause loosening of the already degraded collagen bundles, giving a histopathological picture of MASS. These changes could facilitate tumour cell migration and may explain the high incidence of MASS in eyes with scleral tumour extension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma‐associated spongiform scleropathy: biochemical changes and possible relation to tumour extension

Alyahya

Ribel-Madsen

Heegaard

et al. 2003

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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“…The biochemistry was determined using methods described by Nissen and Kreysel (1982). The collagen content was assessed from hydroxyproline levels and the proteoglycan content was measured by hexosamine levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microvacuolar system: how connective tissue sliding works

Guimberteau

Delage

McGrouther

et al. 2010

J Hand Surg Eur Vol

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The term 'fascia' has been applied to a large number of very different tissues within the hand. These range from aligned ligamentous formations such as the longitudinal bands of the palmar fascia or Grayson's and Cleland's ligaments, to the loose packing tissues that surround all of the moving structures within the hand. In other parts of the body the terms 'superficial' and 'deep fascia' are often used but these have little application in the hand and fingers. Fascia can be divided into tissues that restrain motion, act as anchors for the skin, or provide lubrication and gliding. Whereas the deep fascia is preserved and easily characterized in anatomical dissection, the remaining fascial tissue is poorly described. Understanding its structure and dynamic anatomy may help improve outcomes after hand injury and disease. This review describes the sliding tissue of the hand or the 'microvacuolar system' and demonstrates how movement of tissues can occur with minimal distortion of the overlying skin while maintaining tissue continuity.

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“…In a study investigating the ratio of collagen to the sum of GAGs in skin malignant melanoma showed a reduced ratio. This was attributed to the pathologic increase in GAGs (Nissen & Kreysel 1982). Our results showed similar findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Associated Spongiform Scleropathy: Characterization, Biochemical and Immunohistochemical studies

Alyahya

2008

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Summary. Melanoma associated spongiform scleropathy (MASS) is a non‐inflammatory scleral change with a spongiotic morphology seen in association with uveal melanoma. MASS is seen as whitish spindle shaped areas within the sclera that is adjacent to and in contact with a choroidal or ciliary body melanoma. This change can be seen as small scattered lesions in the inner scleral layers or as extensive areas along the whole extent of contact between the tumour and the sclera and involves most of the scleral thickness. MASS changes of different grades of severity were seen in 38% of 363 melanoma eyes investigated. The presence of MASS showed a statistical correlation with age. A significant high incidence of MASS was found in old age groups. This might due to the fact that MASS needs a longer period of contact between the tumour and the sclera to develop. It is also possible that age‐related changes of the extracellular matrix might alter its response to melanoma produced factors leading to the development of MASS. The development of MASS and its severity are influenced by the extent of contact between the tumour and the sclera. This is supported by the significant statistical relation between the largest basal diameter of the tumours and the severity of MASS. Statistical correlation was found between MASS and scleral and extrascleral tumour extension. More than 90% of 82 specimens that showed tumour extension were associated with MASS. A biochemical analysis of scleral samples taken from areas with severe MASS showed a significant reduction of the main amino acids of collagen type I, which is the main scleral collagen. The amounts of total scleral proteins were significantly reduced. This scleral protein reduction is associated with an increase in glycosaminoglycans. These findings indicate a collagen degradation process. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In situ hybridization showed a significantly more frequent and more intense expression of MMP‐2 by scleral fibroblasts in areas with MASS compared with areas without MASS. This was also seen by immunohistochemical staining. Similar high frequency and intense expression of MMP‐2 were seen in tumour infiltrating macrophages. The results of biochemical and immunohistochemical studies indicate a collagen degradation process. This degradation may be the result of the proteolytic enzyme MMP‐2 expressed by scleral fibroblasts under the effect of tumour humeral factors and/or tumour infiltrating macrophages. This scleral degradation results in fragmentation of the scleral collagen fibrils. This along with the accumulation of water in the sclera, as a result of the increase in the production of glycosaminoglycans, results in increase of scleral thickness in MASS areas and forms the histopathological picture of MASS. The scleral degradation may facilitate tumour invasion and may explain the statistical relation between MASS and scleral tumour invasion. MASS was found in a few of the eyes tha...

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The ratio of glycosaminoglycans to collagen in the skin in malignant melanoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Melanoma‐associated spongiform scleropathy: biochemical changes and possible relation to tumour extension

Melanoma‐associated spongiform scleropathy: biochemical changes and possible relation to tumour extension

The microvacuolar system: how connective tissue sliding works

Melanoma Associated Spongiform Scleropathy: Characterization, Biochemical and Immunohistochemical studies

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