The rate of reduction in carotenoid concentration in fat of steers fed a low carotenoid ration, and the role of increasing carcass fatness

Knight, Terry; Death, A. F.; Lambert, M. G.; McDougall, D. B.

doi:10.1071/ar01017

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The shift from grass silage to hay diet induced a significant decrease in the pools of all-trans-and 13cis-BC in adipose tissues, which is demonstrated for the first time in the present study. This same trend observed for lutein, which resulted primarily from a decrease in carotenoid concentration in adipose tissues, did not reach statistical significance, in line with Knight et al (2001). Because plasma pools also decreased, it is not clear whether the decrease in BC pools in adipose tissues accounts for higher utilization or release by adipose tissues, or lower BC deposition in these tissues, as was suggested by Knight et al (2001).…”

Section: Effect Of Type Of Foragementioning

confidence: 73%

Variations in Carotenoids, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients, and Color in Cows’ Plasma and Milk Following Changes in Forage and Feeding Level

Nozière

Grolier²,

Durand

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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The main aim of this work was to assess factors affecting the secretion of carotenoids in cows' milk. Our objectives were 1) to determine the kinetics of the decrease in carotenoids in plasma, milk, and adipose tissues following a switch from a high- to a low- carotenoid diet; and 2) to specify whether, during lipomobilization, the restitution of these compounds stored in the adipose tissues is sufficient to modify their secretion in milk. During the preexperimental period, 32 cows in midlactation were fed a grass silage-based diet, and were then assigned to 4 groups; 2 groups were maintained on the grass silage diet and 2 were switched to a late hay diet. For each forage diet, one group was fed according to net energy for lactation and nitrogen requirements, and the other was submitted to an energetic underfeeding, with similar forage and carotenoid intake between groups. Variations in concentration of carotenoids and color index (CI) of plasma and milk were monitored over 8 wk. Other components of nutritional interest; i.e., vitamin E (VE), vitamin A, and fatty acids, were also measured. The switch from grass silage to hay diet induced a rapid decrease in concentration of betal-carotene (BC) and VE and in the CI of plasma and milk during the first 2 wk. Pools of BC in adipose tissues also decreased by 40%. Concentrations of BC at the end of the experiment for silage and hay groups were 5.10 and 1.71 microg/mL in plasma and 0.17 and 0.07 microg/mL in milk, respectively. The energetic underfeeding did not affect BC concentration in plasma and induced a small increase in milk BC concentration, related to a decreased milk yield. In the silage group, the energetic underfeeding after 3 to 4 wk induced a decrease in CI and VE of plasma, but not of milk. The fatty acid profile in milk was modified by the change from grass silage to hay diet (C10 to C14 and linoleic acid increased; stearic and linolenic acid percentages decreased) and by underfeeding (oleic, vaccenic, and rumenic acid percentages increased). This study shows that BC and VE levels persist in midlactation cows' plasma and milk for about 2 wk. The results could not confirm a release of BC by bovine adipose tissue, but the level of underfeeding was moderate in this trial. The concentration of BC explained 58 and 40% of variation in CI of plasma and milk, respectively. These CI appear to be valuable tools for diet traceability (i.e., silage vs. hay).

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Section: Effect Of Type Of Foragementioning

confidence: 73%

Variations in Carotenoids, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients, and Color in Cows’ Plasma and Milk Following Changes in Forage and Feeding Level

Nozière

Grolier²,

Durand

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Examining the effect of carcass fatness per se was considered necessary since, at equivalent age, the JE animals had lower carcass weight and associated fatness compared to HR and NR. Since, adipose tissue carotenoids are distributed in adipocytes, any tissue accretion due to an accumulation of triacylglycerols would be expected to 'dilute' carotenoids, thus rendering the adipose tissue less yellow in fatter carcasses (Knight et al 2001). "Yellow" subcutaneous fat generally renders such carcasses unacceptable for markets with a "white" fat requirement and grass silage as a source of carotenoids is frequently precluded from the diet of cattle targeted at such markets (Dunne et al 2004b, Moloney andDrennan 2013).…”

Section: Jerseymentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour of subcutaneous adipose tissue and colour and tenderness of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from Holstein–Friesian, Norwegian RedxHolstein–Friesian and JerseyxHolstein-Friesian cattle slaughtered at two live weights as bulls or steers

McNamee

Keane

Kenny

et al. 2014

AFSci

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Meat quality traits for Holstein–Friesian (HF), Norwegian Red × Holstein–Friesian (NR) and Jersey × Holstein–Friesian (JE) cattle reared to slaughter as two genders (bulls and steers) and 2 slaughter weights (570 kg and 640 kg) were compared. Adipose tissue from JE was more yellow (p<0.05) than HF or NR which were similar. There was no difference between breeds and no breed-related interactions for chemical composition, cook loss or instrumental tenderness of longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (LT). When adjusted for differences in lipid concentration, LT from NR-sired animals tended to be less red (p=0.058) and LT from JE-sired animals had a lower hue (p<0.05). Substitution of NR or JE for HF sires in the dairy herd will not have important effects on LT characteristics in the production systems examined but the more yellow carcasses from JE-sired cattle may limit their suitability for markets with a carcass fat colour specification.

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“…Therefore, the differences in the storage of the carotenoid pigments may result from the differences in the dorsal fat thickness. Similar amounts of carotenoids could be diluted by great deposition of fat (Knight et al, 2001). Hence, bulls would have more vivid fat colour than steers and young bulls because it had less fat thickness, measured with rule and ultrasounds, than young bulls and steers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size, carcass and meat quality of three commercial beef categories of ‘Serrana de Teruel’ breed

Ripoll

Albertı́

Álvarez-Rodríguez

et al. 2016

Span. j. agric. res.

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The aim of this study was to analyse three commercial beef categories of the ‘Serrana de Teruel breed’ to define the appropriate commercial option. Twenty ‘Serrana de Teruel’ male calves at 9 months were assigned to the commercial beef categories (young bulls, bulls and steers), slaughtered at 12, 22 and 22 months of age, respectively. The in vivo ultrasound backfat thickness was greater than the dorsal fat thickness, and the young bulls and steers had a similar fat thickness, that was greater than the bulls in both areas. The slaughter weight and cold carcass weight were significantly different between the commercial categories. However, the differences were not sufficient to modify the dressing percentage, carcass conformation and fatness degree between the young bulls and bulls. The maximum stress of the muscle at 7 d of ageing was lower in the steers than in the young bulls and bulls. In general, the lightness of the meat in the bulls was lower than that in the young bulls and steers. The subcutaneous fat of the bull carcasses had a vivid colour and stored more carotenoids than that of the young bulls and steers. Hence, bulls produced heavier and better conformed carcasses with more edible meat and less fat than the other categories. However, steers are recommended to produce large carcasses with more trim and cover fat than the other categories. Finally, it seems that bulls are the most suitable commercial category to ‘Serrana de Teruel’ breed.

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The rate of reduction in carotenoid concentration in fat of steers fed a low carotenoid ration, and the role of increasing carcass fatness

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Variations in Carotenoids, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients, and Color in Cows’ Plasma and Milk Following Changes in Forage and Feeding Level

Variations in Carotenoids, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients, and Color in Cows’ Plasma and Milk Following Changes in Forage and Feeding Level

Colour of subcutaneous adipose tissue and colour and tenderness of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from Holstein–Friesian, Norwegian RedxHolstein–Friesian and JerseyxHolstein-Friesian cattle slaughtered at two live weights as bulls or steers

Body size, carcass and meat quality of three commercial beef categories of ‘Serrana de Teruel’ breed

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