The Rate of Growth of Salvinia molesta (S. Auriculata Auct.) in Laboratory and Natural Conditions

Mitchell, D.; Tur, Nuncia M.

doi:10.2307/2401730

Cited by 91 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nasturtium biomass increased along a gradient of nutrient concentrations, with seedlings attaining the greatest biomass in the three highest nutrient treatments. The production of Nasturtium biomass observed in this study is consistent with that reported for several other species of nuisance aquatic plants grown under high nutrient concentrations, including Eichhornia crassipes and S. molesta (Mitchell & Tur, 1975;Reddy et al, 1989;Crossley et al, 2002;Xie et al, 2004). For example, E. crassipes biomass increased along a gradient from 0.5 to 5 mg l -1 N (approximately 357.1 to 3571 lm N) after which biomass did not respond to further increases in nitrogen (Reddy et al, 1989), which suggests that maximum growth rates were achieved at nitrogen concentrations of less than 3571 lm N. Similarly, Nasturtium seedlings in our study did not respond to further increases in nutrient concentrations beyond 97.49 lm N:13.00 lm P, suggesting a critical nutrient range between 18.24 and 97.49 lm N at which plant growth is either optimized or becomes limited by another resource.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…) approach or exceed the rates of other aquatic species, including some nuisance species, such as Salvinia molesta (17.16% per day, Mitchell & Tur, 1975) and Elodea canadensis (0.045 g day -1…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where W o and W t are dry weights at the beginning and end of a sampling period of t days (as described in Mitchell & Tur, 1975). Absolute and relative growth rate determination began in week 4 because calculations required biomass data from the first sampling period (week 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different nutrient concentrations on the growth rate and nitrogen storage of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

2012

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The mechanisms that allow broadly distributed aquatic plants to inhabit variable resource environments are unclear, yet understanding these mechanisms is important because broad environmental tolerance is often linked to invasiveness in terrestrial and aquatic plants. In an experimental stream, we examined the effects of different nutrient concentrations on the growth rate, biomass, and foliar nutrient concentrations of a cosmopolitan and potentially invasive aquatic plant, Nasturtium officinale (R. Br.). Nasturtium seedlings were grown under six nutrient treatment levels ranging from 0.64 lm N:0.09 lm P to 1531 lm N:204.13 lm P, for 8 weeks. Absolute and relative growth rates, and biomass of seedlings increased along a gradient of increasing nutrient concentrations but the effect of nutrient concentration was dependent on growing time.Seedling biomass varied among nutrient treatments in weeks 4 through 8 of the experiment, but did not differ in week 2. By week 8, the two highest nutrient treatments had greater biomass than the two lowest nutrient treatments. Foliar nitrogen concentration increased, whereas carbon concentration and C:N ratios decreased in response to increasing nutrients. Nasturtium grows slowly in nutrient-poor conditions but rapidly increases its growth, biomass accrual, and nitrogen storage as conditions become nutrient-rich. The response of Nasturtium to enhanced nutrient conditions may indicate how aquatic nuisance species successfully invade and dominate plant communities in streams, where resources often vary both temporally and spatially.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different nutrient concentrations on the growth rate and nitrogen storage of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

2012

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“…"High levels of biomass production and doubling in less than 4 days occurred in salvinia in solutions with N and P combinations varying from 2 to 20 mg NH 4 -N L -1 and from 2 to 10 mg PO 4 -P L -1 [65]. It was reported that in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, the ramets doubled in 8 to 17 days [28]. In nutrient poor conditions densities form as high as 2500 ramets m -2 .…”

Section: Factors Affecting Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apical and axillary buds give rise to the new branches at each node. Salvinia molesta exhibits "three phenotypic growth forms" mainly depending on habitat, crowding, and nutrient availability [28,41].…”

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Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Kurugundla¹,

Mathangwane²,

Sakuringwa³

et al. 2016

TOPSJ

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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world.Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards.With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals.The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies.The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously.These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH...

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Biotic Pressures and Their Effects on Wetland Functioning

Finlayson

2009

The Wetlands Handbook

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The Rate of Growth of Salvinia molesta (S. Auriculata Auct.) in Laboratory and Natural Conditions

Cited by 91 publications

References 8 publications

The effect of different nutrient concentrations on the growth rate and nitrogen storage of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

The effect of different nutrient concentrations on the growth rate and nitrogen storage of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Biotic Pressures and Their Effects on Wetland Functioning

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