The rat's anticipation of two meals a day.

Bolles, Robert C.; Moot, Seward A.

doi:10.1037/h0034666

Cited by 79 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…These findings thus replicate those of Staddon and Ayres (1975), but differ from the marked increases in running under periodic feeding shown in the data of Bolles and Moot (1973), Levitsky and Collier (1968), and Melcer and Timberlake (1986). All these studies are generally consistent with Staddon's (1977) conclusion that the amount of schedule-induced running that is engendered by a situation is inversely related to the amount of space available to the rat outside the wheel (cf.…”

Section: Excessivenesssupporting

confidence: 82%

Adjunctive behavior of the rat under periodic food delivery in a 24-hour environment

Lucas

Timberlake

Gawley

1988

Animal Learning & Behavior

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The behavior of 4 rats living in complex environments was monitored 24 h per day during freefeeding baseline and under conditions of periodic access to food. Under the periodic schedules, the minimum interfood interval (IFI) was increased from 16 to 512 sec in an ascending series. Periodic food produced robust overall increases in investigation of the feeder, drinking, general activity, and rearing, but not in wheel-running. The temporal distribution of behavior within the IFI was similar across subjects and supported the hypothesis that some responses were largely time-locked to the period immediately following eating, while other responses expanded to fill the interval. However, these response differences were not adequately captured by present classification schemes. Finally, the distribution of drinking following a food pellet strongly resembled the distribution of drinking following bouts of feeding in baseline. The results suggest that adjunctive behavior stems from three sources: (1) a simple increase in the number of opportunities for expression of normal preprandial and postprandial behavior, (2)an increase in the preprandial behavior directed toward the site of expected food, and (3) an increase in the postprandial distribution of both site-directed and more general exploratory behavior. These findings suggest that adjunctive behavior is not extraneous, but is an orderly distribution of responses ordinarily related to feeding and foraging for food.

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Section: Excessivenesssupporting

confidence: 82%

Adjunctive behavior of the rat under periodic food delivery in a 24-hour environment

Lucas

Timberlake

Gawley

1988

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Similarly, it has been found that adult rats maintained on a daily feeding schedule continue to display an increased anticipatory activity for several days after the schedule has been altered (BOLLES & MooT, 1973;ASCHOFF pers. comm.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Pattern of Behaviour of Rabbit Pups in the Nest

Hudson

Distel

1982

Behav

140

137

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Domestic rabbit pups (22 litters of 6 pups each) were raised in plexiglass nest boxes, and their behaviour was studied under various experimental conditions during the first 14 days of life. 1. Rabbit pups show a stereotyped pattern of behaviour closely associated with the once daily nursing visit of the doe until they start to leave the nest on day 13. 2. One to two hours before nursing pups group tightly together and become exposed from the nest material. In young litters these behaviours appear to improve access to the doe's belly and to shorten the time the doe spends in the nest. 3. Rabbit pups are unusual in that they display a vigorous burst of post-nursing activity, i.e. simultaneous urination followed by digging and burrowing around the nest. This activity is triggered by the nursing act and appears to contribute to thermoregulatory efficiency as an insulating cover is quickly regained. 4. Within about 30 minutes pups reaggregate and remain well covered until the next nursing time. 5. The anticipatory uncovering appears to represent a circadian rhythm, and not to be simply due to hunger, as demonstrated in isolated litters deprived of one nursing. 6. Presumably the less time wild does spend in the nursery burrow the less chance there is of predators trapping them or finding the young. The ability of the pups to anticipate the nursing and the their thermoregulatory self-sufficiency may contribute to shortening the time rabbit does must spend in the nest.

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“…Because the control mothers were observed to be away from their young during 34% of the day observations, the Group D females apparently could have met their food intake requirements without greatly altering their pattern of maternal behavior. Their failure to do so indicates that in the rat the daily rhythm of maternal behavior, like the circadian rhythm in activity (Bolles & Moot, 1973;Wright, 1965), is, at least in part, synchronized with respect to the time when food is available to the individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the adult rat, limiting the availability of food and water to some portion of the t h e that illumination occurs results in an alteration in the pattern of many behavioral and physiological periodicities (Johnson & Levine, 1973;Krieger, 1974;Lc Magnen, Devos, Gaudillikre, Louis-Sylvestre, & Tallon, 1973;Peret, Macaire, & Chanez, 1973), including the activity rhythm (Bolles & Moot, 1973;Wright, 1965). Thus, a lightdependent restriction on the food and water intake of a lactating rilt may also influence the maternal activity rhythm and, in turn, the milk intake pattern of the young.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food availability as a determinant of the rats' circadian rhythm in maternal behavior

Stern

Levin

1976

Developmental Psychobiology

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Thre present study was designed to determine whether environmental factors other than light would alter the dialy periodicity in the rat's maternal behavior and whether such a change in the dam's behavior pattern would in turn alter the pattern of her sucklings' milk intake. Experiment 1 determined the daily pattern of litter weight gain (which presumably reflects milk intake) displayed by young reared by dams fed and watered either ad lib (Group C), only during the day (Group D), or only at night (Group N). Experiment 2 compared nocturnal and diurnal frequency of maternal behavior in Groups C, D, and N. The pattern of both litter weight gain and maternal behavior was observed to be diurnal in Groups C and N and nocturnal in Group D.

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The rat's anticipation of two meals a day.

Cited by 79 publications

References 9 publications

Adjunctive behavior of the rat under periodic food delivery in a 24-hour environment

Adjunctive behavior of the rat under periodic food delivery in a 24-hour environment

The Pattern of Behaviour of Rabbit Pups in the Nest

Food availability as a determinant of the rats' circadian rhythm in maternal behavior

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