The rat perirhinal cortex: A review of anatomy, physiology, plasticity, and function

Kealy, John; Commins, Seán

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.03.002

Cited by 105 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 400 publications

(739 reference statements)

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“…The Prh is located in a pivotal position to influence the flow of information into and out of the hippocampus, and hence, Prh is suggested to be associated with learned fear (Kealy and Commins, 2011;Milad et al, 2006;Rosen and Donley, 2006). Examining the function of the Prh in learned safety, a single study reports that-whereas post-training lesions suggest an involvement of Prh in learned fear-no evidence for effect of lesion on conditioned inhibition was obtained as Prh-lesioned animals retained the capability to inhibit the startle response induced by fear conditioning .…”

Section: Brain Regions Most Likely Not Involved In Learned Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning not to Fear: Neural Correlates of Learned Safety

Kong

Monje

Hirsch

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The ability to recognize and properly respond to instances of protection from impending danger is critical for preventing chronic stress and anxiety-central symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders afflicting large populations of people. Learned safety encompasses learning processes, which lead to the identification of episodes of security and regulation of fear responses. On the basis of insights into the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms involved in learned safety in mice and humans, we describe learned safety as a tool for understanding neural mechanisms involved in the pathomechanisms of specific affective disorders. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the neurobiological underpinnings of learned safety and discusses potential applications in basic and translational neurosciences.

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Section: Brain Regions Most Likely Not Involved In Learned Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning not to Fear: Neural Correlates of Learned Safety

Kong

Monje

Hirsch

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Therefore, the PRC may process some spatial information in rodents (Liu and Bilkey, 1998;Burke et al, 2012). The PRC also receives dense projections from other subcortical structures, including the amygdala, ventral striatum, and ventral tegmental area (Van Hoesen et al, 1981;Pitkanen et al, 2000;Kealy and Commins, 2011). This suggests that reward-related neuromodulatory signals may influence neuronal activity in the PRC Mogami and Tanaka, 2006;Clark et al, 2012;Ohyama et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior in the Perirhinal Cortex of Rats

Ahn

Lee

2015

J. Neurosci.

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The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is reportedly important for object recognition memory, with supporting physiological evidence obtained largely from primate studies. Whether neurons in the rodent PRC also exhibit similar physiological correlates of object recognition, however, remains to be determined. We recorded single units from the PRC in a PRC-dependent, object-cued spatial choice task in which, when cued by an object image, the rat chose the associated spatial target from two identical discs appearing on a touchscreen monitor. The firing rates of PRC neurons were significantly modulated by critical events in the task, such as object sampling and choice response. Neuronal firing in the PRC was correlated primarily with the conjunctive relationships between an object and its associated choice response, although some neurons also responded to the choice response alone. However, we rarely observed a PRC neuron that represented a specific object exclusively regardless of spatial response in rats, although the neurons were influenced by the perceptual ambiguity of the object at the population level. Some PRC neurons fired maximally after a choice response, and this post-choice feedback signal significantly enhanced the neuronal specificity for the choice response in the subsequent trial. Our findings suggest that neurons in the rat PRC may not participate exclusively in object recognition memory but that their activity may be more dynamically modulated in conjunction with other variables, such as choice response and its outcomes.

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“…Long-access meth leads to deficits in novel object recognition, a basic cognitive function that engages a neural circuit comprising the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and the perirhinal cortex, but only the latter is critical for novelty detection (Kealy and Commins, 2011;Warburton and Brown, 2014). Long-access meth results in a number of neuroadaptations within the perirhinal cortex that may underlie this cognitive deficit, including a downregulation of glutamate receptors, specifically GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors (mGlu5; Reichel et al, 2014;Reichel et al, 2011;Scofield et al, 2015), both of which have been implicated in novel object recognition (Barker et al, 2006a;Barker et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that such a model would engage the perirhinal cortex, which to date has not been implicated in relapse, despite its extensive interconnectivity with other brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala (Kealy and Commins, 2011), all known to mediate relapse (Nawata et al, 2012;Rocha and Kalivas, 2010). Given that short-access meth rats do not exhibit deficits in novelty recognition (Reichel et al, 2012a;Rogers et al, 2008), and animals have an innate propensity to explore and interact with novel objects (Ennaceur and Delacour, 1988), we hypothesized that a novel cue would invigorate responding as well as a meth cue in short-access rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perirhinal Cortex mGlu5 Receptor Activation Reduces Relapse to Methamphetamine Seeking by Restoring Novelty Salience

Peters

Scofield

Ghee

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Rats that have self-administered methamphetamine (meth) under long access, but not short access, conditions do not recognize novel objects. The perirhinal cortex is critical for novelty detection, and perirhinal metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors (mGlu5) are downregulated after long-access meth. The novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) 1-(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl) piperazin-1-yl)-2-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-ethanone, or DPFE, demonstrates improved solubility compared with other mGlu5 PAMs, thus allowing brain-sitespecific pharmacological studies. Infusion of DPFE into perirhinal cortex restored novel object recognition in long-access meth rats. To investigate the impact of these cognitive enhancing effects on relapse, we tested the effects of DPFE infusions into perirhinal cortex on meth-seeking under two different test conditions. In the standard cue relapse test, perirhinal DPFE infusions did not alter meth-seeking in the presence of meth cues. However, in a novel cue relapse test, wherein animals were allowed to allocate responding between a novel cue and meth-conditioned cue, perirhinal DPFE infusions shifted the pattern of responding in long-access rats toward a profile resembling short-access rats, which respond equally for novel and meth cues. Perirhinal mGlu5 are thus a promising pharmacological target for the restoration of cognitive function in meth addicts. Targeting these receptors may also reduce relapse, particularly in situations where novel stimuli compete with conditioned stimuli for control over meth seeking.

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The rat perirhinal cortex: A review of anatomy, physiology, plasticity, and function

Cited by 105 publications

References 400 publications

Learning not to Fear: Neural Correlates of Learned Safety

Learning not to Fear: Neural Correlates of Learned Safety

Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior in the Perirhinal Cortex of Rats

Perirhinal Cortex mGlu5 Receptor Activation Reduces Relapse to Methamphetamine Seeking by Restoring Novelty Salience

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