The rat orbital and agranular insular prefrontal cortical areas: a cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic study

Werd, Henri J. J. M. Van De; Uylings, H.B.M.

doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0164-y

Cited by 66 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Other tissues do not show immunoreactivity (manufacturer's data sheet). Immunostaining with SMI-32 antibody has been used by several authors to build cytoarchitectural cortical maps (Sternberger and Sternberger, 1983;Voelker et al, 2004;Molnar and Cheung, 2006;Henny and Jones, 2008;Sia and Bourne, 2008;Van De Werd and Uylings, 2008). Immunostaining patterns of SMI-32 observed by us in different cortical areas match previous descriptions in these same cortical regions (Paxinos et al, 1999).…”

Section: Antibodies and Antibody Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Long‐term regulation in calretinin staining in the rat inferior colliculus after unilateral auditory cortical ablation

Clarkson¹,

Juı́z²,

Merchán³

2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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In this study we analyzed the effects in the inferior colliculus of a unilateral ablation of the auditory cortex in rats. Variations in both calretinin immunoreactivity and protein levels determined by Western blot suggest that such lesions induce changes in the regulation of this calcium-binding protein. Stereological counts of calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the inferior colliculus 15, 90, and 180 days after the lesion showed a progressive increase in the number of immunoreactive neurons, with a parallel increase in the intensity of staining. Two hundred forty days after the cortical lesion, both the number of immunoreactive neurons and the staining intensity had returned to control values. The effects of the cortical lesion on calretinin regulation are more intense in those inferior colliculus subdivisions more densely innervated by the corticocollicular projection. This finding, along with the time course of calretinin regulation suggests that degeneration of the descending projection is linked to calretinin regulation in the inferior colliculus. We hypothesize, based on the role of calretinin, that the observed increase in immunoreactivity levels seen in the inferior colliculus after lesioning of the auditory cortex may be related to altered excitability in deafferented neurons. Our finding, may reflect adaptive mechanisms to changes in calcium influx and excitability in inferior colliculus neurons induced by lesions of the descending projection from the cortex to the inferior colliculus.

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Section: Antibodies and Antibody Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Long‐term regulation in calretinin staining in the rat inferior colliculus after unilateral auditory cortical ablation

Clarkson¹,

Juı́z²,

Merchán³

2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In line with these observations, animal studies demonstrated attenuated nicotine-seeking, but also attenuated cocaine-seeking, after inactivation of the insula (Di Pietro et al 2008;Forget et al 2010). In particular, the anterior part of the insula is interconnected with the NAc, amygdala and ventral mPFC (Van De Werd and Uylings 2008). Therefore, exposure to drug-related cues possibly leads to the retrieval of an interoceptive memory in the insula and thereby through its connections with the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex to drug-craving (Naqvi and Bechara 2010).…”

Section: Insulasupporting

confidence: 53%

Manipulating Addictive Behaviour in Animal Models

Schippers

Pattij

Vries

2012

Deep Brain Stimulation

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One of the first observations of drug dependence and addictive behaviour in a nonhuman species was made in morphine-dependent chimpanzees. The chimpanzees had to make a choice between food and a morphine injection syringe that they remembered from earlier morphine infusions given by the experimenter. When the chimpanzees were deprived of morphine, they would choose the morphine injection syringe, demonstrating their dependence on this drug (Spragg 1940). In the 1960s, drug self-administration paradigms with fully automated intravenous infusions were developed for rats and monkeys. In these instrumental learning procedures, animals were trained to self-administer drugs of abuse by leverpressing or nose-poking (Weeks 1962;Thompson and Schuster 1964). It was shown that laboratory animals readily self-administer the same addictive drugs that are used by humans, including cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, heroin and morphine. This led to the hypothesis that the rewarding effects of drugs are a pharmacological property, rather than from involvement of psychological and social processes that at time were predominantly thought to predispose to drug addiction.

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“…Moreover, there is a possibility that in the decision phase the AIC and OFC may functionally compete with each other directly or indirectly. Mutually inhibitory interaction between the AIC and OFC could be achieved by anatomical interconnection between them (Van De Werd and Uylings, 2008). Indirect competition could be achieved by opposite influences on other regions that receive projections from both AIC and OFC.…”

Section: Opposite Roles Of Aic and Ofc In Risky Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivating Anterior Insular Cortex Reduces Risk Taking

et al. 2012

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We often have to make risky decisions between alternatives with outcomes that can be better or worse than the outcomes of safer alternatives. Although previous studies have implicated various brain regions in risky decision making, it remains unknown which regions are crucial for balancing whether to take a risk or play it safe. Here, we focused on the anterior insular cortex (AIC), the causal involvement of which in risky decision making is still unclear, although human imaging studies have reported AIC activation in various gambling tasks. We investigated the effects of temporarily inactivating the AIC on rats' risk preference in two types of gambling tasks, one in which risk arose in reward amount and one in which it arose in reward delay. As a control within the same subjects, we inactivated the adjacent orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is well known to affect risk preference. In both gambling tasks, AIC inactivation decreased risk preference whereas OFC inactivation increased it. In risk-free control situations, AIC and OFC inactivations did not affect decision making. These results suggest that the AIC is causally involved in risky decision making and promotes risk taking. The AIC and OFC may be crucial for the opposing motives of whether to take a risk or avoid it.

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The rat orbital and agranular insular prefrontal cortical areas: a cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic study

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Long‐term regulation in calretinin staining in the rat inferior colliculus after unilateral auditory cortical ablation

Long‐term regulation in calretinin staining in the rat inferior colliculus after unilateral auditory cortical ablation

Manipulating Addictive Behaviour in Animal Models

Inactivating Anterior Insular Cortex Reduces Risk Taking

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