The Rat Follistatin Gene is Highly Expressed in Decidual Tissue

Kaiser, Maria; Gibori, Geula; Mayo, Kelly E.

doi:10.1210/endo-126-5-2768

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Similar effects offollistatin have been demonstrated on ovariectomized rats in vivo ( 17 ). Follistatin mRNA has been detected in a wide variety ofextragonadal tissues, including the kidney, cerebral cortex, and decidual tissue (18)(19)(20). In addition, we and others have detected follistatin mRNA in the rat pituitary (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Regulation of follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rat pituitary.

Kaiser

Chin²

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

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Follistatin is a glycoprotein, originally isolated from the gonads, that specifically inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) biosynthesis and secretion. We have previously detected follistatin mRNA in rat pituitary gonadotropes. To assess the potential physiologic role of follistatin in the rat pituitary, we have investigated the effects of gonadectomy (GDX) and of sex steroid replacement on pituitary follistatin gene expression. Follistatin mRNA levels in individual rat pituitaries were measured by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Female and male rats 21 d old underwent surgical GDX and were then killed 21 d after GDX. Follistatin mRNA levels in rat pituitary increased 3.2±1.5-fold (P < 0.01) in GDX female rats and 8.2±2.0-fold (P < 0.005) in GDX male rats, compared with intact female and male controls, respectively. Replacement therapy with 17#-estradiol-3-benzoate (10 ,ug/ 100 g body weight) subcutaneously daily for 7 d in GDX female rats resulted in a slight further increase in follistatin mRNA levels compared to GDX females. In contrast, therapy with testosterone propionate (500 jtg/100 g body weight) subcutaneously daily for 7 d in GDX male rats resulted in a decrease in follistatin mRNA levels, towards but not completely back to baseline levels in intact males. Time-course studies in adult male and female rats showed that the increase in follistatin mRNA levels after GDX is rapid, with significant increases occurring within 24 h after GDX, and parallels or precedes increases in FSH,8 mRNA levels and FSH secretion. The regulation of follistatin mRNA levels in the rat pituitary by GDX and by sex steroids suggests that follistatin may be important as an autocrine or paracrine factor in the regulation of FSH. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 91:2523-2531

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Regulation of follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rat pituitary.

Kaiser

Chin²

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Compared to the SRC-2 flox/flox positive control, real-time PCR revealed a significant reduction in the expression levels of a number of decidualization markers (18,22,49) in the partially decidualized PR Cre/ϩ SRC-2 flox/flox uterine horn (Fig. 5).…”

Section: The Absence Of Implantation Sites In the Prmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…decidualization, those for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp-2) (49), cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) (22), and follistatin (18), were validated by real-time RT-PCR TaqMan analysis with the ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detector System according to the manufacturer's instructions (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The TaqMan gene expression assay (catalog no.…”

Section: Generation Of Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid Receptor Coactivator 2 Is Critical for Progesterone-Dependent Uterine Function and Mammary Morphogenesis in the Mouse

Mukherjee

Soyal

Fernández-Valdivia

et al. 2006

Molecular and Cellular Biology

106

145

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Although the essential involvement of the progesterone receptor (PR) in female reproductive tissues is firmly established, the coregulators preferentially enlisted by PR to mediate its physiological effects have yet to be fully delineated. To further dissect the roles of members of the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)/p160 family in PR-mediated reproductive processes in vivo, state-of-the-art cre-loxP engineering strategies were employed to generate a mouse model (PR Cre/؉ SRC-2 flox/flox ) in which SRC-2 function was abrogated only in cell lineages that express the PR. Fertility tests revealed that while ovarian activity was normal, PR Cre/؉ SRC-2 flox/flox mouse uterine function was severely compromised. Absence of SRC-2 in PR-positive uterine cells was shown to contribute to an early block in embryo implantation, a phenotype not shared by SRC-1 or -3 knockout mice. In addition, histological and molecular analyses revealed an inability of the PR Cre/؉ SRC-2 flox/flox mouse uterus to undergo the necessary cellular and molecular changes that precede complete P-induced decidual progression. Moreover, removal of SRC-1 in the PR Cre/؉ SRC-2 flox/flox mouse uterus resulted in the absence of a decidual response, confirming that uterine SRC-2 and -1 cooperate in P-initiated transcriptional programs which lead to full decidualization. In the case of the mammary gland, whole-mount and histological analysis disclosed the absence of significant ductal side branching and alveologenesis in the hormone-treated PR Cre/؉ SRC-2flox/flox mammary gland, reinforcing an important role for SRC-2 in cellular proliferative changes that require PR. We conclude that SRC-2 is appropriated by PR in a subset of transcriptional cascades obligate for normal uterine and mammary morphogenesis and function.The progesterone (P) receptor (PR) knockout (KO) mouse, in which both isoforms (PR-A and -B) were ablated, highlighted the importance of P as a pleiotropic coordinator of female reproductive biology (24). Abrogation of PR not only undermined uterine morphogenesis and function but also severely compromised the normal operation of the hypothalamopituitary-ovarian axis. These studies further revealed a crucial role for P signaling in mammary epithelial proliferation, an essential cellular event that enables parity-induced mammary morphogenesis to manifest in the adult. In addition, the PR KO mouse exhibited a marked reduction in mammary tumor susceptibility (25), revealing a dual role for PR-mediated epithelial proliferation in mammary tumorigenesis, as well as in normal mammary morphogenesis.Apart from providing new cellular principles by which P influences proliferative and differentiative programs obligate for target tissue morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, two important questions have emerged from these studies regarding PR's mechanism of action for a given target tissue: (i) what are the signature molecular effectors that transduce the P signal to an appropriate physiological response, and (ii) which coregulators (coactivators and/or corep...

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“…The general principle to emerge from this work is that the early stages of implantation and decidualization are characterized by the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of the mRNAs encoding several members of the BMP family. These include BMP-2 in the decidualizing stromal cells (Ying & Zhao 2000, Paria et al 2001, BMP-4 and Smad1 in vascular endothelial cells (Ying & Zhao 2000), BMP-7 in the endothelium and subjacent stroma (Ozkaynak et al 1997, Paria et al 2001, BMP-8a in decidual cells (Zhao & Hogan 1996), BMP-RIB in the endometrium and endometrial glands (Yi et al 2000), follistatin in decidual tissue (Kaiser et al 1990, Mercado et al 1993) and noggin and DAN in the stromal layer immediately underlying the luminal endothelium (Paria et al 2001). This evidence has suggested that BMPs in the uterus have a potential role in pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns of bone morphogenetic protein family members in the rat uterus over the estrous cycle

Erickson

Fuqua²,

Shimasaki³

2004

Journal of Endocrinology

123

191

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Recent studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play fundamental roles in female fertility. This is particularly evident in terms of the ovary. One major question that is just beginning to be addressed is the role of BMPs in the non-pregnant uterus. To help fill this gap, we used in situ hybridization to investigate the expression of BMP family members in the rat uterus over the estrous cycle. We found that the endometrial/uterine cycle is accompanied by the expression of several components of the BMP pathway -including ligands, receptors and antagonists. The mRNAs encoding BMP receptors are expressed in the epithelial (BMP-RIA, -RIB and -RII), periluminal stroma (BMP-RIA and -RII) and smooth muscle cells (BMP-RIA and -RII). The expression of all three receptors showed clear cyclic variations. The mRNAs encoding BMP ligands were highly expressed in the periluminal stroma (BMP-2 and -7) and glandular epithelium (BMP-7). The expression of BMP-2, but not BMP-7, was cyclical. Notably, the periluminal stroma expressed noggin mRNA. In the blood vascular system, BMP-4, -6 and -RII mRNAs were expressed in myometrial endothelial cells. Interestingly, follistatin, noggin, and BMP-4, -6 and -7 mRNAs were expressed in eosinophilic leukocytes, suggesting unexpected roles for eosinophil-derived BMPs in uterine function. We conclude that BMP ligands, receptors and antagonists are expressed in spatially and temporally restricted patterns that are consistent with a physiological role for these regulatory molecules in promoting uterine cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis during the cycle.

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The Rat Follistatin Gene is Highly Expressed in Decidual Tissue

Cited by 54 publications

References 1 publication

Regulation of follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rat pituitary.

Regulation of follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rat pituitary.

Steroid Receptor Coactivator 2 Is Critical for Progesterone-Dependent Uterine Function and Mammary Morphogenesis in the Mouse

Analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns of bone morphogenetic protein family members in the rat uterus over the estrous cycle

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