The Rare-earth Metallome of Pecan and Other Carya

Wood, Bruce W.; Grauke, L.J.

doi:10.21273/jashs.136.6.389

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This positive correlation with Fe, as well as Al, Mg, K and P, has also been reported in beech, spruce and oak (Brioschi et al 2013). In Carya, accumulation of Mg, Ca, Mn and Fe was also positively associated with the foliar concentration of REEs (Wood and Grauke 2011). In D. erythrosora, we also observed an increase in Mn content together with REE accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Such a conserved trait for metal accumulation has been reported for Carya species that all accumulate REEs in their shoots (Wood and Grauke 2011) and also for Ni hyperaccumulation in several species of Alyssum and Cochlearia (Krämer 2010). Conversely, it was interesting to note the differences in REE accumulation between different species of a given genus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Similar to other metals, a few plant species have been reported to accumulate REEs. The REE concentrations in Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) and Carya tomentosa (mockernut) can reach 1040 and 859 mg kg -1 respectively (Wood and Grauke 2011;Yuan et al 2018). In addition to these two angiosperms, the majority of REE-accumulating plants belong to pteridophytes (Liu et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of new hardy ferns that preferentially accumulate light rare earth elements: a conserved trait within fern species

et al. 2020

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Environmental contextRare earth elements (REEs) are strategic metals and emerging contaminants for which plant-based remediation measures are needed. We screened a collection of hardy ferns and identified new accumulator species that preferentially transferred light REEs to their fronds. This study is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms of REE accumulation in plants. AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) include the lanthanides plus yttrium and scandium, and can be split according to their atomic mass into light (LREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs). The increasing demand for REEs is mainly driven by new technologies, and their current low recyclability has led them to become emerging contaminants. The identification of new REE accumulators may help in determining the REE transfer mechanisms and may result in interesting candidates for phytoremediation techniques. To that end, a collection of 49 hardy fern species, grown in REE-spiked substrate, were screened for their potential in REE accumulation. REE concentrations were very low in the fronds of all Polypodium species, whereas all Athyrium species highly accumulated REEs. The REE accumulation level was more variable among the different species of Dryopteris, Blechnum, Woodwardia, Cystopteris and Polystichum. However, whatever the species, LREEs were preferentially transferred to the fronds over HREEs. This conserved trait was independent of the availability of different REEs in the substrate and instead may arise from specific transfer systems in ferns for the two groups of REEs. Furthermore, REE accumulation was correlated to Ca and Al, which suggested the existence of common uptake pathways. Altogether, these results are of great interest for phytoremediation purposes since appropriate species can be chosen according to the area to be remediated, and they also provide new insights into a more in-depth characterisation of the underlying REE accumulation mechanisms in ferns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of new hardy ferns that preferentially accumulate light rare earth elements: a conserved trait within fern species

et al. 2020

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“…The diploid pecan, and especially the tetraploid Carya species, hyperaccumulate REE metals (Wood and Grauke, 2011). This hyperaccumulation likely confers heretofore unidentified survival advantages for these Carya species in certain environments, and may function to replace or supplement certain physiological roles for Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Ca functions as an essential AEE metal for pollen germination of most species (Hepler et al, 2006), it is unknown how associated processes are affected by other AEEs (Be, Mg, Sr, Ba). Additionally, relative to most tree species, pecan hyperaccumulates REE metals possessing physiochemical traits similar to Ca (Wood and Grauke, 2011); hence, raising the possibility that one or more of these metals influence pollen germination and subsequent pollen tube growth. The REEs represent the largest group of elements in the periodic table, are common in the soil and plant environment, and have potential for yet undetermined essential or beneficial roles in metabolism and physiology of certain plant species (Brown et al, 1990).…”

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Flavonoids, Alkali Earth, and Rare Earth Elements Affect Pecan Pollen Germination

Wood¹

2017

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The factors regulating pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] pollen grain germination are poorly understood for both in vitro pollen viability tests and on receptive stigmatic surfaces of pistillate flowers. Potential regulating factors include flavonols, calcium (Ca), Ca-like alkali earth elements (AEEs), and rare earth elements (REEs). When various concentrations of certain naturally occurring simple flavonols (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and hesperetin) were tested in vitro by adding to standard pecan pollen germination medium, hesperetin, myricetin, and kaempferol functioned as a strong agonist at low concentration (0.12–2.0 µm for hesperetin and kaempferol, and 0.25 µm for myricetin), increasing pollen germination 2- to 3.9-fold over flavonol-free media. Hesperetin and myricetin were antagonistic at 16 µm. Kaempferol was not antagonistic at any concentration up to and including 16 µm. Naringenin was an antagonist at concentrations from 0.12 to 16 µm; whereas, quercetin was an antagonist at 8–16 µm, but tended to function as an agonist at low concentration (0.12–0.50 µm). The equal molar replacement of Ca2+ in standard pecan pollen germination media by single REEs, resulted in certain REEs [e.g., yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), and thulium (Tm)] partially replacing the obligate need for Ca2+; thus, functioning as agonists in absence of Ca. All non-Ca AEEs [beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), expect for barium (Ba)], also partially substituted for Ca2+ at equivalent molar concentrations, but none were as efficacious as Ca2+. Results are suggestive that a) pollen germination in in vitro test can be improved by incorporation of certain flavonols, and b) pollen germination on stigmatic surfaces of flowers in orchards might be influenced or regulated by flavonol composition and Ca-like metals in the liquid matrix of the wet (receptive) stigmatic surface.