The Raman spectrum of nanocrystalline diamond

Prawer, Steven; Nugent, K. W.; Jamieson, D. N.; Orwa, J. O.; Bursill, L. A.; Peng, J.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01236-7

Cited by 365 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The second difference in the Raman spectrum from the prior art, are the peaks at 1150 cm -1 [37][38] and 1470 cm -1 (1450 cm -1 as in [38]) according to the work of Show et al [25] These peaks are evident only in undoped UNCD and low B/C gas ratio H-rich/Ar-free BD-UNCD in this paper, but become weaker when the B/C gas ratio increases. This was also observed in boron doped NCD and MCD, [32] and was explained as a decrease of hydrocarbon content or hydrogen termination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond synthesized with an H-rich/Ar-lean gas system

Zeng

Konicek

Moldovan

et al. 2015

Carbon

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This paper reports the recent development and applications of conductive borondoped ultrananocrystalline diamond (BD-UNCD). The authors have determined that BD-UNCD can be synthesized with an H-rich gaseous chemistry and a high CH 4 /H 2 ratio, which is opposite to previously reported methods with Ar-rich or H-rich gas compositions but utilizing very low CH 4 /H 2 ratio. The BD-UNCD has a resistivity as low as 0.01 ohm·cm, with low roughness (down to several nm) and a wide deposition temperature range (450-850¼C).The properties of this BD-UNCD were studied systematically using resistivity characterization, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and roughness measurements. Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy confirms that up to 97% of the UNCD is deposited as sp3 carbon.These series of measurements also reveal additional unique properties for this material, such as an ÒMÓ shape Raman signature, line-granular nano-cluster texture and high C-H bond surface content. A hypothesis is provided to explain why this new deposition strategy, with H-rich/Ar-free gas chemistry and CH 4 /H 2 ratio, is able to produce high sp3-content and/or 2 heavily doped UNCD. In addition, a few emerging applications for BD-UNCD in the field of atomic force microscopy, electrochemistry and biosensing are reviewed here.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond synthesized with an H-rich/Ar-lean gas system

Zeng

Konicek

Moldovan

et al. 2015

Carbon

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“…However, the EELS spectrum measured at the edges shows clear signatures of sp 3 -type carbon: a s* edge around 290 eV corresponding to the sp 3 transition 1s-2s* (ref. 45) and a dip around 302 eV that corresponds to the second absolute band gap characteristic of the crystalline sp 3 structure 46,47 . Further, the sp 2 carbon band at B285 eV becomes a very shallow shoulder in the spectrum of the sp 3 -bonded carbon.…”

Section: I-v Characterization and Alternating Voltage Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

et al. 2014

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Carbon forms one of nature's strongest chemical bonds; its allotropes having provided some of the most exciting scientific discoveries in recent times. The possibility of inter-allotropic transformations/hybridization of carbon is hence a topic of immense fundamental and technological interest. Such modifications usually require extreme conditions (high temperature, pressure and/or high-energy irradiations), and are usually not well controlled. Here we demonstrate inter-allotropic transformations/hybridizations of specific types that appear uniformly across large-area carbon networks, using moderate alternating voltage pulses. By controlling the pulse magnitude, small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes can be transformed predominantly into larger-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different morphologies, multi-layered graphene nanoribbons or structures with sp 3 bonds. This re-engineering of carbon bonds evolves via a coalescence-induced reconfiguration of sp 2 hybridization, terminates with negligible introduction of defects and demonstrates remarkable reproducibility. This reflects a potential step forward for large-scale engineering of nanocarbon allotropes and their junctions.

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“…A broad peak around 1040 cm -1 can be seen in the Raman spectra of the phase B as well as in c-BC 1.6 16 . It was observed in both a boron-doped diamond and a nanocrystalline diamond 46 but its origin was not discussed. We mentioned that Raman peaks of the c-BC 3 phase are broad (see also Ref.…”

Section: B Synthesis Of the Cubic Bc 3 Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transition in BCx system under high-pressure and high-temperature: Synthesis of cubic dense BC3 nanostructured phase

Zinin

Ming

Ishii

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Abstract. We synthesized a cubic BC 3 (c-BC 3 ) phase, by direct transformation from graphitic phases at a pressure of 39 GPa and temperature of 2200 K in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC). A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements lead us to conclude that the obtained phase is hetero-nano-diamond, c-BC 3 . Highresolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging of the c-BC 3 specimen recovered at ambient conditions demonstrates that the c-BC 3 is a single, uniform, nanocrystalline phase with a grain size of about 3-5 nm. The EELS measurements show that the atoms inside the cubic structure are bonded by sp 3 bonds. The zero-pressure lattice parameter of the c-BC 3 calculated from diffraction peaks was found to be a = 3.589 ± 0.007 Å. The composition of the c-BC 3 is determined from EELS measurements. The ratio of carbon to boron, C/B, is approximately 3 (2.8 ± 0.7).2

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The Raman spectrum of nanocrystalline diamond

Cited by 365 publications

References 21 publications

Boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond synthesized with an H-rich/Ar-lean gas system

Boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond synthesized with an H-rich/Ar-lean gas system

Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

Phase transition in BCx system under high-pressure and high-temperature: Synthesis of cubic dense BC3 nanostructured phase

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