The RALF1-FERONIA complex interacts with and activates TOR signaling in response to low nutrients

Song, Lingling; Xu, Guoyun; Li, Tingting; Zhou, Huina; Lin, Qinlu; Chen, Jia; Wang, Long; Wu, Dousheng; Li, Xiaoxu; Wang, Lifeng; Zhu, Shumin; Yu, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.004

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This result suggests an interaction between FER and TOR kinase is implicated in RH growth under low temperature. This corroborates previous findings that showed direct interaction of the FER kinase domain and the N-terminal domain of TOR (aa 1-1449 of TOR, NTOR) 52 . Next, we evaluated TOR levels in growing RH by immunolocalization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Specifically, a total of 15 proteinogenic amino acids can reactivate TOR under inorganic-N starvation conditions 43 . In addition, the FER-TOR pathway responds to Gln, Asp, and Gly, reinforcing that amino acids serve as conserved upstream regulators of the TOR signaling pathway in animals and plants 52 . It is tempting to speculate that under low nitrates condition (and low temperature), the RH cell compensates with an altered amino acid homeostasis to trigger TOR activation linked fast cell growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…TORC1 pathway is involved in low temperature induced RH growth. Recently, it was shown that FER-RIPK interacts with TOR-RAPTOR1B and phosphorylates it leading to TOR pathway activation in the context of nutrient perception and regulation of global metabolism 52 . We then asked whether TOR might be also involved in the RH growth process under low temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agreement with this, it was previously shown that ROP2 in response to auxin is an upstream effector of TOR activation 44 and by inorganic and organic nitrogen inputs 43 . In addition, FER was shown to directly activate the TOR/RAPTOR1B signaling pathway under low inorganic and organic nitrogen conditions 52 and is an upstream regulator of the ROPGEF4-ROP2 signaling pathway that controls ROS-mediated RH development 47,87 . In addition, ROP2 promotes TOR accumulation close to the cell periphery 44 , suggesting that plasma membrane-localized FER together with ROP2 function in regulating the relocation of TOR, close to the RH tip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FER was also linked to carbon/nitrogen balance during plant growth 51 . Even more, it was shown that the cytoplasmic kinase domain of FER and its partner RIPK (RPM1-induced protein kinase) interact with TOR and RAPTOR-1B forming a complex to positively modulate the TOR pathway under low nitrogen nutrient conditions 52 . Currently, it is clear that plant growth can be regulated via the FER-TOR pathway as it links amino acid and/or nutrients signaling with true leaves development 51 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate inArabidopsis thaliana

Pacheco

Song

Gabarain

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Root hairs (RH) are excellent model systems for studying cell size regulation since they elongate several hundred-fold their original size. Their growth is determined both by intrinsic and environmental signals. Although nutrients availability in the soil are key factors for a sustained plant growth, the molecular mechanisms underlying their perception and downstream signaling pathways remains unclear. Here, we identified that a low temperature triggers a strong RH cell elongation response involving the cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) and nutrient sensor TORC1 pathway. We found that FER is required to perceive limited nutrients availability caused by low temperature, to interacts with and activate TORC1-downstream components to trigger RH growth. Nitrates perceived and transported by NRT1.1 were found to mimic this growth response at low temperature. Our findings reveal a new molecular mechanism by which a central hub composed by FER-TORC1 controls RH cell elongation under low temperature.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate inArabidopsis thaliana

Pacheco

Song

Gabarain

et al. 2022

Preprint

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TON1 recruiting motif 21 positively regulates the flavonoid metabolic pathway at the translational level in Arabidopsis thaliana

Wu,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Planta

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Main conclusion This study reveals that TRM21 acts as a positive regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis at the translational level in Arabidopsis, impacting both secondary metabolites and genes associated with root hair growth. Abstract TRM (TONNEAU1-recruiting motif) superfamily proteins are reported to be involved in microtubule assembly. However, the functions of this protein family are just beginning to be uncovered. Here, we provide metabolomic and genetic evidence that 1 of the 34 TRM members, TRM21, positively regulates the biosynthesis of flavonoids at the translational level in Arabidopsis thaliana. A loss-of-function mutation in TRM21 led to root hair growth defects and stunted plant growth, accompanied by significant alterations in secondary metabolites, particularly a marked reduction in flavonoid content. Interestingly, our study revealed that the transcription levels of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway remained unchanged in the trm21 mutants, but there was a significant downregulation in the translation levels of certain genes [flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), flavanone 3’-hydroxylase (F3'H), flavonol synthase (FLS), chalcone synthase (CHS)]. Additionally, the translation levels of some genes related to root hair growth [RHO-related GTPases of plant 2 (ROP2), root hair defective 6 (RHD6), root hair defective 2 (RHD2)] were also reduced in the trm21 mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that TRM21 functions as a positive regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis at the translational level in Arabidopsis.

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ARSK1 activates TORC1 signaling to adjust growth to phosphate availability in Arabidopsis

et al. 2023

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The RALF1-FERONIA complex interacts with and activates TOR signaling in response to low nutrients

Cited by 26 publications

References 72 publications

Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate inArabidopsis thaliana

Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate inArabidopsis thaliana

TON1 recruiting motif 21 positively regulates the flavonoid metabolic pathway at the translational level in Arabidopsis thaliana

ARSK1 activates TORC1 signaling to adjust growth to phosphate availability in Arabidopsis

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