The Radiological Hazard from Tritium Sorbed on Metal Surfaces

Eakins, J.D.; Hutchinson, W.P.; Lally, A.E.

doi:10.1097/00004032-197503000-00006

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…(1997), Inkret et al. (2001), and Zhou and Cheng (2003) indicate that tritium is released from metal tritides into simulated lung fluids as HTO. (65) Eakins et al. (1975) studied the rate of urinary excretion of tritium in human volunteers whose skin had been exposed by contact with tritium-gas contaminated surfaces.…”

Section: Hydrogen (Z = 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2016

Ann ICRP

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The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect the calculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of the dose coefficients for internal exposure, published previously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1988b) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994b). In addition, new data are available that support an update of the radionuclide-specific information given in Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1988a, 1997b) for the design of monitoring programmes and retrospective assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data was performed by Committee 2, Task Group 21 on Internal Dosimetry, and Task Group 4 on Dose Calculations. A new series, the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68, and 78. Part 1 of the OIR series has been issued (ICRP, 2015), and describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. The following publications in the OIR series (Parts 2–5) will provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes, including information on chemical forms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic model; and data on monitoring techniques for the radioisotopes encountered most commonly in workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion, and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed publications of the OIR series include tables of committed effective dose per intake (Sv per Bq intake) for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective dose per content (Sv per Bq measurement) for inhalation, and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake for inhalation. These data are provided for all absorption types and for the most common isotope(s) of each element. The electronic annex that accompanies the OIR series of reports contains a comprehensive set of committed effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed effective dose per content functions, and reference bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation, ingestion, and direct input to blood. The present publication provides the above data for the following elements: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), and technetium (Tc).

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Section: Hydrogen (Z = 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(65) Eakins et al. (1975) studied the rate of urinary excretion of tritium in human volunteers whose skin had been exposed by contact with tritium-gas contaminated surfaces.…”

Section: Hydrogen (Z = 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2016

Ann ICRP

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“…However, studies by Vaughan and Davis [19], found that high concentrations of tritium gas absorbed on various metals and glass can be transferred to the skin by contact. Further studies by Hutchin and Vaughan [20], Eakins et al [21,22], and by Johnson et al [23,24], have shown that if skin comes into contact with surfaces that have been exposed to high concentrations of HT gas, significant uptake and retention of tritium occurs in the skin, as well as in other organs.…”

Section: Removable Contamination --mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended tritium surface contamination release guides

Johnson¹,

Draper²,

Foulke³

et al. 1991

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This document was prepared to provide scientific basis for recommended changes in specific limits for tritium surface contamination in DOE Order 5480.11. A summary of the physical and biological characteristics of tritium has been provided that illustrate the unique nature of this radionuclide when compared to other pure beta emitters or to beta-gamma emitting radionuclides. This document is divided into nine sections. The introduction and the purpose and scope are addressed in Section 1.0 and Section 2.0, respectively. Section 3.0 contains recommended interpretation of terms used in this document. Section 4.0 addresses recommended methods for evaluating surface contamination. Biological and physical characteristics of tritium compounds are discussed in Section 5.0, as they relate to tritium radiotoxicity. Scenarios and dose calculations for selected, conservatively limiting cases of tritium intake are given and discussed in Section 6.0 and Section 7.0. Section 8.0 provides conclusions on the information given and recommendations for changes in the surface contamination limits for total tritium to 1 x 10 dpm per 100 ? C O cm and removable tritium to 1 x 10 dpm per 100 cm'^. Section 9.0 is a listing of references. A summary of comments made on the October 1990 draft of this document as received from the members of the DOE Tritium Surface Contamination Limits Committee is contained in the Appendix with a description of the responses provided.

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“…Butler and Leroy reported values from 310 cases, in 1965, ranging from 4 -18 days, with a mean of 9.5 days 6 . Based on fewer cases, other studies have reported mean half-lives of 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 9.5, 10.5, and 11.3 days [7][8][9][10][11][12] . Hill and Johnson reviewed these data and reported a OPEN 1 Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimation of radiation dose from ingested tritium in humans by administration of deuterium-labelled compounds and food

Masuda

Yoshioka

2021

Sci Rep

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Radiation doses from organically bound tritium (OBT) in foods have been a major concern near nuclear facilities. The current dose coefficient for OBT is calculated using a standard model from the International Commission on Radiological Protection, in which some biokinetic values are not based on human metabolic data. Here, the biokinetics of ingested OBT, and radiation doses from them, were estimated by administering labelled compounds and foods to volunteers, using a deuterium (D) tracer as a substitute for tritium. After the administration of D-labelled glucose, alanine, palmitic acid, or soybean, the D/H ratios in urine were measured for up to 119 days, and the biokinetic parameter values were determined for OBT metabolism. The slow degradation rates of OBT could not be obtained, in many volunteers administered glucose and alanine. The estimated committed effective dose for 1 Bq of tritium in palmitic acid varied from 3.2 × 10–11 to 3.5 × 10–10 Sv Bq−1 among volunteers and, for those administered soybean, it varied from 1.9 × 10–11 to 1.8 × 10–10 Sv Bq−1. These results suggest that OBT, present in some ingested ingredients, gives higher doses than the current dose coefficient value of 4.2 × 10–11 Sv Bq−1.

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The Radiological Hazard from Tritium Sorbed on Metal Surfaces

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2

Recommended tritium surface contamination release guides

Estimation of radiation dose from ingested tritium in humans by administration of deuterium-labelled compounds and food

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