The radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis: A new approach

Barnett, Ellis; Nordin, B. E. C.

doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(60)80012-8

Cited by 673 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Radiographic cortical bone thickness is a well-recognized valuable method for assessing bone biology, and has long been used as a measure of skeletal mass [4,10,12,15,16,29,30,39,40,42]. Cortical thickness is measured as the amount of bone tissue present between the periosteal and endosteal surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

Duren

Sherwood

Choh

et al. 2007

Bone

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The genetic influences on bone mass likely change throughout the life span, but most genetic studies of bone mass regulation have focused on adults. There is, however, a growing awareness of the importance of genes influencing the acquisition of bone mass during childhood on lifelong bone health. The present investigation examines genetic influences on childhood bone mass by estimating the residual heritabilities of different measures of second metacarpal bone mass in a sample of 600 10-year-old participants from 144 families in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted to estimate genetic correlations between cortical bone mass measures, and measures of bone growth and development. Using a maximum likelihood-based variance components method for pedigree data, we found a residual heritability estimate of 0.71 for second metacarpal cortical index. Residual heritability estimates for individual measures of cortical bone (e.g., lateral cortical thickness, medial cortical thickness) ranged from 0.47 to 0.58, at this prepubertal childhood age. Low genetic correlations were found between cortical bone measures and both bone length and skeletal age. However, after Bonferonni adjustment for multiple testing, ρ G was not significantly different from 0 for any of these pairs of traits. Results of this investigation provide evidence of significant genetic control over bone mass largely independent of maturation while bones are actively growing and before rapid accrual of bone that typically occurs during puberty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

Duren

Sherwood

Choh

et al. 2007

Bone

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“…Aside from osteoporotic fractures, Doyle et a1 found none of the criteria that are generally regarded as signs of spinal osteopenia (e.g., increased radiolucency, reduction of cortical thickness, accentuation of vertebral end plates, and loss of horizontal trabeculae combined with the prominence of vertical trabeculae) reliable to assess longitudinal changes in bone density in the course of osteoporosis (16). Semiquantitative grading techniques, such as vertebral or femoral indices, have proven to be neither precise nor sensitive enough to diagnose osteopenia at an early stage, or to follow the course of osteoporosis (17,18).…”

Section: Standard Methods and Their Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current methods and recent advances in the diagnosis of osteoporosis

Jergas

Genant

1993

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility, and a consequent increase in fracture risk (1). The term osteoporosis is widely used clinically to mean generalized loss of bone, or osteopenia, accompanied by relatively atraumatic fractures of the spine, wrist, hips, or ribs. These osteoporotic fractures cause considerable morbidity, mortality, and public health cost (2,3). Bone mass, or density, is a major determinant of skeletal strength, and recent studies have shown that its quantification is predictive of future fracture risk (4-8).Several established methods provide highly accurate and precise means of determining bone mass (9,lO). However, factors other than bone mass, e.g., spatial distribution of bone, structural properties, etc., also contribute to skeletal strength (1 1,12). Most of these factors cannot be determined by the standard methods used today. In this report, clinically relevant techniques used routinely in the diagnosis of osteoporosis are reviewed. In addition, we provide an update on recent advances in the established methods as well as in methods that are currently under development.

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“…Retrospectively, these radiographs revealed sequential changes of periosteal thickening in the humeri before and after the apearance of the clinical symptoms. The humeral cortical index, as defined by Barnett and Nordin [1], was calculated as follows: the thicknesses of the medial and lateral humeral cortices were measured and the sum of these thicknesses divided by the total width of the right humerus at the midpoint of the shaft (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%