The Radiological Demonstration of the Azygos and other Thoraco-abdominal Veins in the Living

Tori, G

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-27-313-16

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Subsequent research on the posterior thoracic venous system has focused on variation and anomalies in the tributary patterns, particularly of the left side which is notoriously variable (Seib, ; Butler and Balankura, ; Tori, ; Abrams, ; Falla et al, ; Jordan, ; Ramos and Tavares, ; Petrovskiĭ and Khaĭkin, ; Heitzman et al, ; Gryzbiak et al, ; Leborgne et al, ; Takasusgi and Goodwin, ; Ozbek et al, ; Arslan et al, ; Ozdemir et al, ; Demos et al, ; Kocabiyik et al, ; Tatar et al, ). Most of these studies ignore, or mention the AV course only in passing, usually defaulting to the original description (especially in diagrams) of the AV as basically an invariant collector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi‐quantitative approach to variation of the azygos vein course

Bales

2014

Clinical Anatomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The azygos vein (AV) is typically described (illustrated) as ascending vertically on the right of thoracic vertebrae. Most thoracic vein studies have focused on tributary patterns, but some have noted more leftward AV courses. This study statistically documents variation in AV course independent of tributary patterns. A more statistical approach to the probable position of AV at different vertical levels may aid clinicians in locating and assessing it in clinical contexts. The AV course was exposed in 84 cadavers by removing overlying viscera between the aortic hiatus and tracheal bifurcation. Subjectively, non-pathological specimens were digitally photographed in anterior view. For each photo, a scaled grid was used to mark the horizontal position of the AV center at each of five vertical levels. The summated numerical distributions showed the following: ∼5% of the AVs ascended on the right side (classical) position, ∼30% did not cross the midline, ∼70% included part or all of their course left of the midline, and ∼14% reached the extreme left side. Based on this data, the modal AV course (1) begins at, or to the right of, the midline, (2) deviates leftward, (3) crosses the midline below mid-level, (4) reaches a leftward maximum at about 3/5 of its course, (5) then deviates rightward (often only reaching the midline at the uppermost level). In several noticeable cases, the leftward maximum was associated with large connections to left-side veins, suggesting a possible tension mechanism exerting traction on the AV over time.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi‐quantitative approach to variation of the azygos vein course

Bales

2014

Clinical Anatomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This procedure has been used for diagnosing constrictive processes of the inferior vena cava by retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal tumors as well as in the diagnosis of compression of the inferior vena cava by hepatomas. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The route of injection was through the great saphenous vein and not direct. Different radiopaque materials have been used such as iodomethonate (Neopex) or iodopyracet (Diodrast).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior Venacavography Complicating Abdominal Aortography

Al-Naaman

Al-Waidh

1966

Angiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this paper is to present a rare complication of abdominal aortography. Radiopaque material was injected into the inferior vena cava in an attempt to inject the aorta, using the usual left lumbar approach. The injection of the inferior vena cava by radiopaque material for the diagnosis of certain abdominal conditions dates back to early 1937, as was verified by Flandin and his colleagues' and repeated by Castellanos and Pereiras2 in 1938. This procedure has been used for diagnosing constrictive processes of the inferior vena cava by retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal tumors as well as in the diagnosis of compression of the inferior vena cava by hepatomas.3-12The route of injection was through the great saphenous vein and not direct. Different radiopaque materials have been used such as iodomethonate (Neopex) or iodopyracet (Diodrast).In our case, the injection was done directly into the vena cava, using the lumbar approach. The radiopaque material used was 35 per cent Urokon. CASE REPORTA 35-year-old man was admitted to the Teaching Hospital in Baghdad with complaints of cramps and numbness of the lower extremities of 9 years' duration.In 1959 the condition had been diagnosed as Buerger's disease because of the age of the patient and lack of arterial pulsation in the legs.The patient could walk about one city block before numbness and claudication supervened and rest was necessary. He had constant aching in the back, the buttocks and the posterior surface of his legs. Since 1946 he has had remarkable ischemia. There was no hair loss or trophic changes.On January 18, 1963, an aortogram ( fig. 1) was made through the left costovertebral angle using 30 cc of 35 per cent Urokon under Pentothal and local infiltration of Novocaine. Following is the radiologic report on this procedure.Examination of the lower abdomen shows that after the direct injection of the radiopaque substance only the renal arteries are outlined and nephrograms of both kidneys are formed, more on the left.There is extravasation at the area of injection. The aorta is not visualized, but the inferior vena cava below the level of injection is outlined and shows a pattern which is within normal limits.The appearance suggests that the needle transfixed the aorta and inferior vena cava at the same time that the injection was simultaneous into the aorta,

show abstract

“…Ό Tori ( 1954) πρώτος συνιστά την άζυγογραφίαν δια παρακεντήσεως των κατωτέρων πλευρών προς μελέτην παθήσεων τοΰ οπισθίου μεσοπνευ μονίου καί της άνω κοίλης φλεβός.…”

Section: εισαγωγηunclassified

“…Εις πλήρη αντίθεσιν προς τα ανωτέρω ευρίσκεται ή παρατήρησις όλων των ερευνητών, τών ασχολουμένων με το θέμα, δτι επί ενδοοτικής έγχύαεως ή ουσία φέρεται ταχύτατα προς τήν φλεβικήν κυκλοφορίαν και δτι ολίγα λεπτά μετά το πέρας τής εγχύσεως ουδέν ίχνος αυτής παραμένει εντός τοΰ δστοΰ (Tocantins, O'Neil, 1941, Ducuing-, Marqués, Baux, Paillé, Voisin, 1951, Harrison, Gossman, 1955. Τοΰτο οφείλεται εις το δτι: 1) Οι φλεβώδεις κόλποι επικοινωνοΰν με πολλαπλός καΐ σχετικώς ευρείας διαμέτρου αναστομώσεις προς τήν ή τάς άπαγωγούς φλέβας (Tori, 1954).…”

Section: β' εναοστικη κυκλοφορια του αιματοςunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Η Αζυγογραφια Ως Συμπληρωματικη Μεθοδος Μελετης Της Εγχειρησιμοτητος Βρογχογενων Νεοπλασματων Των Πνευμονων

Καραμανησ¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Radiological Demonstration of the Azygos and other Thoraco-abdominal Veins in the Living

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

A semi‐quantitative approach to variation of the azygos vein course

A semi‐quantitative approach to variation of the azygos vein course

Inferior Venacavography Complicating Abdominal Aortography

Η Αζυγογραφια Ως Συμπληρωματικη Μεθοδος Μελετης Της Εγχειρησιμοτητος Βρογχογενων Νεοπλασματων Των Πνευμονων

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About