“… 2 , 10 , 12 By using 3D images for exact planning of the incision pattern, creating a deep webspace could be easier and therewith distal migration of the web, often requiring corrective surgery, would be avoided. 13 , 14 Furthermore, when the amount of necessary skin can be calculated preoperatively, excessive skin grafting will be avoided, leading to less scarring.…”
Summary:Syndactyly is a congenital condition characterized by fusion of the fingers. If not treated correctly during infancy, syndactyly may hinder the normal development of hand function. Many surgical techniques have been developed, with the main goal to create a functional hand with the smallest number of operative corrections. Therefore, exact preoperative planning of the reconstructive procedure is essential. An imaging method commonly used for preoperative planning is 3-dimensional (3D) surface imaging. The goal of this study was to implement the use of this technique in hand surgery, by designing a virtual planning tool for a desyndactylization procedure based on 3D hand images. A 3D image of a silicon syndactyly model was made on which the incision pattern was virtually designed. A surgical template of this pattern was printed, placed onto the silicon model and delineated. The accuracy of the transfer from the virtual delineation toward the real delineation was calculated, resulting in a mean difference of 0.82 mm. This first step indicates that by using 3D images, a virtual incision pattern can be created and transferred back onto the patient successfully in an easy and accurate way by using a template. Thereafter, 3D hand images of 3 syndactyly patients were made, and individual virtual incision patterns were created. Each pattern was transferred onto the patient by using a 3D printed template. The resulting incision pattern needed minor modifications by the surgeon before the surgery was performed. Further research and validation are necessary to develop the virtual planning of desyndactylization procedures.
“… 2 , 10 , 12 By using 3D images for exact planning of the incision pattern, creating a deep webspace could be easier and therewith distal migration of the web, often requiring corrective surgery, would be avoided. 13 , 14 Furthermore, when the amount of necessary skin can be calculated preoperatively, excessive skin grafting will be avoided, leading to less scarring.…”
Summary:Syndactyly is a congenital condition characterized by fusion of the fingers. If not treated correctly during infancy, syndactyly may hinder the normal development of hand function. Many surgical techniques have been developed, with the main goal to create a functional hand with the smallest number of operative corrections. Therefore, exact preoperative planning of the reconstructive procedure is essential. An imaging method commonly used for preoperative planning is 3-dimensional (3D) surface imaging. The goal of this study was to implement the use of this technique in hand surgery, by designing a virtual planning tool for a desyndactylization procedure based on 3D hand images. A 3D image of a silicon syndactyly model was made on which the incision pattern was virtually designed. A surgical template of this pattern was printed, placed onto the silicon model and delineated. The accuracy of the transfer from the virtual delineation toward the real delineation was calculated, resulting in a mean difference of 0.82 mm. This first step indicates that by using 3D images, a virtual incision pattern can be created and transferred back onto the patient successfully in an easy and accurate way by using a template. Thereafter, 3D hand images of 3 syndactyly patients were made, and individual virtual incision patterns were created. Each pattern was transferred onto the patient by using a 3D printed template. The resulting incision pattern needed minor modifications by the surgeon before the surgery was performed. Further research and validation are necessary to develop the virtual planning of desyndactylization procedures.
“…The measurement or assessment of web creep remains somewhat unsatisfactory, with descriptive terms such as ‘adequate’ (Sharma et al., 2009), ‘satisfactory’ (Nakamura et al., 1989; Percival and Sykes, 1989), ‘maintained at an appropriate level’ (Ostrowski et al., 1991) or ‘no gross recurrence’ (Killian and Neimkin, 1985). Others have used radiological and clinical techniques, including photographs, to quantify the extent of web creep but have acknowledged difficulties in doing so (Brown, 1977; Paterson and Nancarrow, 1998; Richterman et al., 1998; Shewell et al., 1992; Toledo and Ger, 1979; Vekris et al., 2010; Withey et al., 2001).…”
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of using a web index to measure web creep after syndactyly surgery. A total of 19 hands in nine children (six preoperatively and 13 immediately postoperatively) underwent measurement of their web position. A preliminary study confirmed that the web index measured on the child’s hand at the time of surgery was similar to that measured on photographs taken at the same time. Subsequently, an intra- and inter-observer error rate found excellent agreement among four observers measuring the web index using photographs. Of 13 postoperative webs using a winged central rectangular web flap without skin grafting, 12 were re-measured using photographs at an average of 88 months (range 78 to 96) after surgery. There was evidence of minor web creep in one web only. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of web index calculation on photographs to measure web position in children after syndactyly surgery. The study also demonstrates the effectiveness of the graftless winged central rectangular web flap technique in avoiding web creep. Level of evidence: IV
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