The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism

Hafez, Mohammed M.; Mullins, Creighton A

doi:10.1080/1057610x.2015.1051375

Cited by 228 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This fact confirms the widely held assumption that the radicalisation process is based on individual pathways that differ from one person to another (among others, Hafez and Mullins, 2015).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Italian Jihadists in Syria and Iraq

Marone

2016

Journal of Terrorism Research

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Italian Jihadists in Syria and Iraq

Marone

2016

Journal of Terrorism Research

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“…In this paper Hafez and Mullins (2015) aim to synthesize research that can illuminate how Western Muslims turn to jihadi violence. The authors begin by criticizing several terrorism experts for defining radicalization as a process (e.g.…”

Section: The Radicalization Puzzle (2015)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding political radicalization: The two-pyramids model.

McCauley

Moskalenko

2017

American Psychologist

271

169

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This paper reviews some of the milestones of thinking about political radicalization, as scholars and security officials struggled after 9/11 to discern the precursors of terrorist violence. Recent criticism of the concept of radicalization is recognized, leading to a two-pyramids model that responds to the criticism by separating radicalization of opinion from radicalization of action.Security and research implications of the two-pyramids model are briefly described, ending with a call for more attention to emotional experience in understanding both radicalization of opinion and radicalization of action.

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“…While Hafez and Mullins (2015) suggest a puzzle approach to synthesise different studies, the approach they propose is complementary to the PT model. Both approaches depart from the uniform, linear process-view of radicalisation.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospect theory perspective on terrorism

Bois

2017

IJBSR

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This paper presents a new approach to the study of terrorist behaviour and argues that a framework based on Prospect Theory can provide novel insights on the understanding of the terrorist mind-set. Such a framework allows different pathways to become a terrorist and although individual decisions are studied, the model also takes into account environmental factors. By changing these environmental factors and/or framing the choice differently, PT also shows how the terrorist group and/or a charismatic leader can influence the individual's whether or not to turn to terrorism. Having a clear conceptual framework is a first crucial step towards comprehension and in the case of terrorism, towards detection and/or prevention. In this way, the PT framework can also contribute significantly to counter-terrorism policy and can guide the budgetary means in efficient way. INTRODUCTIONThe events of 9/11, the bombings in Madrid and London and more recently, the attacks in Paris, Nice, Brussels, Berlin and Quebec make it painfully clear that terrorism is no longer a remote event for the Western world. Hence, also the number of academic papers studying the concept has snowballed the last decade trying to understand the phenomenon. In order to effectively reduce terrorism and to efficiently use our limited budgetary means it is indeed crucial to comprehend the terrorist's reasoning. As Hoffman (2002, p. 306) notes "knowing your enemy is a cardinal rule in warfare". Will we increase the probability of detection and interception by increasing the budget for internal security or will we invest more in de-radicalization programs? In order to optimize our counterterrorism policy and to allocate our resources efficiently, we need a clear conceptual framework. Literature on terrorism abounds with different models suggesting different causes and determinants. The purpose of this paper is not just to add to this list but rather to present a unifying framework.

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The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism

Cited by 228 publications

References 29 publications

Italian Jihadists in Syria and Iraq

Italian Jihadists in Syria and Iraq

Understanding political radicalization: The two-pyramids model.

A prospect theory perspective on terrorism

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