The radiative characteristics of NH 3 /N 2 /O 2 non-premixed flame on a 10 kW test furnace

Probing into Volatile Combustion Flame and Particulate Formation Behavior during the Coal and Ammonia Cofiring Process: Further Study on the Chemical Structure and Oxidation Reactivity of Soot Particles

“…When the ammonia cofiring ratio exceeds 10%, the outlet NO concentration monotonically decreases due to the reduction of NO by unburned ammonia and coal char. The observations from Muraia et al from Japan on a 10 MWth combustion experimental furnace indicate that injecting ammonia fuel from the center of a pulverized coal burner caused ignition delay of coal particles, causing the ammonia and coal cofiring flame to move away from the burner outlet. Cardoso et al from Portugal conducted ammonia and coal cofiring experiments and simulations on a medium-sized fluidized bed, studying the effects of ammonia cofiring on heat release, the carbon content in fly ash, NH 3 , NO x , temperature distribution, and radiation flux.…”

CH4/NH3 Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

“…And ammonia can be liquefied more easily than pure hydrogen, significantly reducing transportation costs and its associated development costs . As a result, more and more researchers are looking at using ammonia as a fuel to replace carbonaceous fuels such as coal. − However, the application of ammonia combustion is also greatly hindered by difficulties including, among others, ammonia’s relatively low laminar flame speed, low adiabatic flame temperature, high minimum ignition energy, narrow flammability limits, and high nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions. ,,, …”

“…8−11 However, the application of ammonia combustion is also greatly hindered by difficulties including, among others, ammonia's relatively low laminar flame speed, 12 low adiabatic flame temperature, 13 high minimum ignition energy, 9 narrow flammability limits, 14 and high nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions. 9,12,13,15 The technical strategy of ammonia blending with active fuels is used to solve the mentioned challenges of ammonia combustion. Due to the continued increase in global natural gas production, 16 CH 4 /NH 3 fuels are considered the actual alternative fuel to NH 3 /H 2 fuels.…”

“…7 As a result, more and more researchers are looking at using ammonia as a fuel to replace carbonaceous fuels such as coal. 8−11 However, the application of ammonia combustion is also greatly hindered by difficulties including, among others, ammonia's relatively low laminar flame speed, 12 low adiabatic flame temperature, 13 high minimum ignition energy, 9 narrow flammability limits, 14 and high nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions. 9,12,13,15 The technical strategy of ammonia blending with active fuels is used to solve the mentioned challenges of ammonia combustion.…”

Perspective and analysis of ammonia-based distributed energy system (DES) for achieving low carbon community in China

“…Various studies have shown that using pure ammonia as the fuel improves overall efficiency and generates less NO x emission reduction, including gas turbines ( Guteša Božo et al., 2021 ; Kurata et al., 2017 ; Valera-Medina et al., 2017b , 2019 ; Yapicioglu and Dincer, 2018 ), CCHP technologies ( Ghorbani et al., 2021 ; Parikhani et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2017 ) and furnaces ( Ishihara et al., 2020 ; Murai et al., 2017 ; Tamura et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ). Ammonia co-firing with hydrogen or methane can drive power equipment such as boilers and gas turbines, thereby powering the energy-efficient DES.…”