The radiation of atmospheric microbaroms by ocean waves

Waxler, Roger; Gilbert, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1121/1.2191607

Cited by 82 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The source of noise in the atmosphere can also be derived with the same formalism, as an alternative to the Green functions used by Waxler & Gilbert (2006). Indeed, we may consider the atmospheric motion to be irrotational, so that the equations of motion are identical in the atmosphere and in an unbounded ocean, with the only difference that the atmospheric density is ρ a and the atmospheric sound speed is α a .…”

Section: Atmospheric Noise Source: Microbaromsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans and atmosphere, from nonlinear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oceanic pressure measurements, even in very deep water, and atmospheric pressure or seismic records, from anywhere on Earth, contain noise with dominant periods between 3 and 10 seconds, that is believed to be excited by ocean surface gravity waves. Most of this noise is explained by a nonlinear wave-wave interaction mechanism, and takes the form of surface gravity waves, acoustic or seismic waves. Previous theoretical works on seismic noise focused on surface (Rayleigh) waves, and did not consider finite depth effects on the generating wave kinematics. These finite depth effects are introduced here, which requires the consideration of the direct wave-induced pressure at the ocean bottom, a contribution previously overlooked in the context of seismic noise. That contribution can lead to a considerable reduction of the seismic noise source, which is particularly relevant for noise periods larger than 10 s. The theory is applied to acoustic waves in the atmosphere, extending previous theories that were limited to vertical propagation only. Finally, the noise generation theory is also extended beyond the domain of Rayleigh waves, giving the first quantitative expression for sources of seismic body waves. In the limit of slow phase speeds in the ocean wave forcing, the known and well-verified gravity wave result is obtained, which was previously derived for an incompressible ocean. The noise source of acoustic, acoustic-gravity and seismic modes are given by a mode-specific amplification of the same wave-induced pressure field near the zero wavenumber.

show abstract

Section: Atmospheric Noise Source: Microbaromsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans and atmosphere, from nonlinear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Full-wave modeling is performed using a normal mode model, such as earlier described by Pierce [1967], following the implementation by that was inspired by the modal model described in section 4 of Waxler and Gilbert [2006]. In this model, the acoustic pressure field in the atmosphere is computed using an eigenfunction expansion.…”

Section: Appendix B: Full-wave Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we evaluate vertical wind and temperature profiles that are produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric analysis. The evaluation is carried out on both hemispheres: we make use of stratospheric infrasound arrivals from Mount Etna (37°N) and Mount Yasur (22°S). The near‐continuous, high activity of both volcanoes permits the study of stratospheric propagation along well‐defined paths with a time resolution ranging from hours to multiple years. Infrasound observables are compared to theoretical estimates obtained from acoustic propagation modeling using the ECMWF analysis. While a first‐order agreement is found for both hemispheres, we report on significant discrepancies around some of the equinox periods and other intervals during which the atmosphere is in a state of transition and dynamical oscillations of the atmosphere dominate over the general circulation. We present an inversion study in which we make use of measured trace velocity estimates to estimate first‐order effective sound speed model updates in a Bayesian framework. Deviations from the a priori models around the stratopause up to 10% (≈ 30 m s−1) are estimated. Such updates are in line with the results from comparisons between ECMWF analysis and observations from lidar and microwave Doppler spectroradiometer facilities that were colocated during the course of the 2012–2013 Atmospheric dynamics Research and InfraStructure in Europe (ARISE) measurement campaign.

show abstract

“…Detections are Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 10.1002/2015JD023273 Waxler and Gilbert [2006] and the sea state using the ECMWF two-dimensional wave energy spectrum ocean wave product [ECMWF, 2013].…”

Section: Ecmwf Model Validation Using Continuous Infrasound Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of co‐located independent ground‐based middle atmospheric wind and temperature measurements with numerical weather prediction models

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-resolution, ground-based and independent observations including co-located wind radiometer, lidar stations, and infrasound instruments are used to evaluate the accuracy of general circulation models and data-constrained assimilation systems in the middle atmosphere at northern hemisphere midlatitudes. Systematic comparisons between observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses including the recent Integrated Forecast System cycles 38r1 and 38r2, the NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalyses, and the free-running climate Max Planck Institute-Earth System Model-Low Resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) are carried out in both temporal and spectral domains. We find that ECMWF and MERRA are broadly consistent with lidar and wind radiometer measurements up to~40 km. For both temperature and horizontal wind components, deviations increase with altitude as the assimilated observations become sparser. Between 40 and 60 km altitude, the standard deviation of the mean difference exceeds 5 K for the temperature and 20 m/s for the zonal wind. The largest deviations are observed in winter when the variability from large-scale planetary waves dominates. Between lidar data and MPI-ESM-LR, there is an overall agreement in spectral amplitude down to 15-20 days. At shorter time scales, the variability is lacking in the model by~10 dB. Infrasound observations indicate a general good agreement with ECWMF wind and temperature products. As such, this study demonstrates the potential of the infrastructure of the Atmospheric Dynamics Research Infrastructure in Europe project that integrates various measurements and provides a quantitative understanding of stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling for numerical weather prediction applications.

show abstract

The radiation of atmospheric microbaroms by ocean waves

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans and atmosphere, from nonlinear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth

Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans and atmosphere, from nonlinear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth

Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound

Comparison of co‐located independent ground‐based middle atmospheric wind and temperature measurements with numerical weather prediction models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About