The Radiation Environment of High-Energy Accelerators

Rindi, and A; Thomas, Ralph H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.23.120173.001531

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, when discussing exposure of human tissue to radiation, the preferred unit is the rem. This stands for "roentgen equivalents for man" and is given by 1 rem = 1 rad X RBE = 10-2 sievert (Sv) The RBE can depend on many factors, including the spatial distribution of the dose, dose rate, type of radiation, the type of tissue absorbing the radiation, and the energy loss per centimeter in the tissue [21]. This last quantity is particularly important and is referred to as the linear energy transfer (LET).…”

Section: Radiation Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle beams

2023

Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics

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Section: Radiation Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle beams

2023

Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics

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“…Neutrons comprise the largest measurable dose at the boundaries of most -high energy accelerators (Rindi and Thomas, 1973). This is certainly true of SLAC.…”

Section: Sky Shine (Neutrons)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Accelerator Boundary Doses and Skyshine

Tm¹

1974

Health Physics

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Beginning this year, AEC contractors are being required to submit dose evaluations as low as 1.7 mrem per year to the surrounding public from their installations.This small incremental dose exists within the framework of a natural background of about 130 mrem per year. Some of the pitfalls in estimating these small doses, especially with regard to skyshine, are discussed. It is shown that, for any accuracy at all, better data must be generated for the neutt-on-vs-distance curve. However, the need for measuring, or even estimating, such small doses is brought into question.

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“…The radiation exposure received in the vicinity of high-energy particle accelerators is due mainly to neutrons (Rindi and Thomas 1973). The variation of dose as a function of distance can be estimated using the inverse square relationship with an attenuation factor of the form exp (-d/~) where d is the distance from the target and ~ is the effective attenuation length of highenergy neutrons.…”

Section: Direct Exposure From Contained Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A methou to estimate the distance dependence of neutron dose rate has been described by Thomas (1976) based on earlier reports of Rindi and Thomas (1973;. The neutron aose rate is assumed to vary with distance according to the following equation Values for the neutron attenuation length vary from~250 m (for accelerators limited to neutrons below about 50 MeV) to ~850 m (for neutrons in the range of ~100 MeV) (Thomas 1976).…”

Section: Direct Exposure From Contained Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental dose assessment methods for normal operations at DOE nuclear sites

Strenge¹,

Kennedy²,

Corley³

1982

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Methods for assessing public exposure to radiation from normal operations at DOE facilities are reviewed in this report. The report includes a discussion of environmental doses to be calculated, a review of currently available environmental pathway models and a set of recommended models for use when environmental pathway modeling is necessary. Currently available models reviewed include those used by DOE contractors, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and other organizations involved in environmental assessments. General modeling areas considered for routine releases are atmospheric transport, airborne pathways, waterborne pathways, direct exposure to penetrating radiation, and internal dosimetry. The pathway models discussed in this report are applicable to long-term (annual) uniform releases to the environment: they do not apply to acute releases resulting from accidents or emergency situations. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DOSE QUANTITIES. 2.1 FENCE-POST DOSE RATE CONTENTS 2.2 MAXIMALLY EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL DOSE 2.3 POPULATION DOSE 3.0 REVIEW OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE MODELS 3.1 ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION 3.1.1 Gaussian Plume Model 3.1.2 Gaussian Trajectory Models 3.1.3 Finite Difference Models 3.1.4 Particle-in-Cell Models 3.1.5 Atmospheric Dispersion Submodels. 3.2 WATERBORNE TRANSPORT 3.3 EXPOSURE PATHWAYS 3.3.1 Exposure to Airborne Plumes. 3.3.2 Exposure from Aquatic Activities and Foods. 3.3.3 Exposure from Terrestrial Crops and Animal Products 3.3.4 Direct Exposure from Contained Sources 3.4 DOSIMETRY. 3.4.1 Use of Concentration Guides.

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The Radiation Environment of High-Energy Accelerators

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Particle beams

Particle beams

Accelerator Boundary Doses and Skyshine

Environmental dose assessment methods for normal operations at DOE nuclear sites

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