The R2R3-MYB–Like Regulatory Factor EOBI, Acting Downstream of EOBII, Regulates Scent Production by Activating <i>ODO1</i> and Structural Scent-Related Genes in Petunia

Spitzer-Rimon, Ben; Farhi, Moran; Albo, Boaz; Cna’ani, Alon; Zvi, Michal Moyal Ben; Masci, Tania; Edelbaum, Orit; Yu, Yingnian; Shklarman, Elena; Ovadis, Marianna; Vainstein, Alexander

doi:10.1105/tpc.112.105247

Cited by 122 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…Our current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of the FVBP pathway is limited to a few transcription factors: ODO1, EOBI, and EOBII (10)(11)(12). ODO1 exhibits an evening peak (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By binding to the promoters of several key enzymes, such as 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), ODO1 facilitates the introduction of precursor molecules to the FVBP synthesis pathway, suggesting that ODO1 is a master regulator of FVBP emissions in Petunia. Two transcription factors, EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS I (EOB I) and EOBII, up-regulate the expression of ODO1 and other FVBP-related genes (11,12).Analysis of the ODO1 promoter (12), as well as the promoters of several other regulatory genes in the FVBP pathway, revealed the presence of specific cis-elements referred to as evening elements (EEs). The EE is a binding site for two similar circadian-clock transcription factors, CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), and a related factor, REVEILLE 8, in Arabidopsis (13).…”

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Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Fenske

Hazelton

Hempton

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

118

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Flowers present a complex display of signals to attract pollinators, including the emission of floral volatiles. Volatile emission is highly regulated, and many species restrict emissions to specific times of the day. This rhythmic emission of scent is regulated by the circadian clock; however, the mechanisms have remained unknown. In Petunia hybrida, volatile emissions are dominated by products of the floral volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid (FVBP) metabolic pathway. Here we demonstrate that the circadian clock gene P. hybrida LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY; PhLHY) regulates the daily expression patterns of the FVBP pathway genes and floral volatile production. PhLHY expression peaks in the morning, antiphasic to the expression of P. hybrida GIGANTEA (PhGI), the master scent regulator ODORANT1 (ODO1), and many other evening-expressed FVBP genes. Overexpression phenotypes of PhLHY in Arabidopsis caused an arrhythmic clock phenotype, which resembles those of LHY overexpressors. In Petunia, constitutive expression of PhLHY depressed the expression levels of PhGI, ODO1, evening-expressed FVBP pathway genes, and FVBP emission in flowers. Additionally, in the Petunia lines in which PhLHY expression was reduced, the timing of peak expression of PhGI, ODO1, and the FVBP pathway genes advanced to the morning. Moreover, PhLHY protein binds to cis-regulatory elements called evening elements that exist in promoters of ODO1 and other FVBP genes. Thus, our results imply that PhLHY directly sets the timing of floral volatile emission by restricting the expression of ODO1 and other FVBP genes to the evening in Petunia.circadian rhythm | floral volatile | benzenoids | Petunia hybrida | LHY P lant development and physiology are extensively influenced by the circadian clock (1). The precise timing of a single plant behavioral output often requires a suite of internal mechanisms to occur in coincidence or in quick succession before the behavior taking place. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the circadian clock controls transcription of one third of genes in Arabidopsis (2). In this way, the clock can exert a holistic effect on a complex mechanism at a precise moment in time. The effectiveness of the clock's ability to coordinate complex behaviors has been used by many aspects of plant physiology, such as photosynthesis, stem and leaf growth, and flowering (3, 4).The precise timing of sexual reproductive events is critical, as plants are sessile and individuals are often spread over large distances. In addition to regulating the timing of flower formation, when they have opened, many flowers emit floral scents to lure pollinators. Attractive floral volatiles are often emitted in a rhythmic fashion, with peaks of emission coinciding with the primary pollinator's period of activity (5). Although studies have shown that rhythmic emission of scent requires the influence of a circadian clock (6-8), no study of which we are aware has shown a mechanistic link between clock function and floral volatile production.Research on floral vol...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Fenske

Hazelton

Hempton

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

118

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“…EOBI silencing down-regulated several genes from the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways (i.e. EPSPS, CS, CM, PAL, IGS, EGS, and ODO1, among others), which clearly led to reduced levels of floral volatiles, such as benzylbenzoate, phenylethylbenzoate, benzyl alcohol, methylbenzoate, methylsalicylate, isoeugenol, and eugenol (Spitzer-Rimon et al, 2012). However, an EOBI orthologous gene has not been detected in strawberry yet.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…EOBI is an R2R3-MYB TF that is required for the proper expression of structural and regulatory genes related to floral phenylpropanoid scent production (Spitzer-Rimon et al, 2012). EOBI silencing down-regulated several genes from the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways (i.e.…”

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An R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Regulates Eugenol Production in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Receptacles

et al. 2015

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Eugenol is a volatile phenylpropanoid that contributes to flower and ripe fruit scent. In ripe strawberry (Fragaria 3 ananassa) fruit receptacles, eugenol is biosynthesized by eugenol synthase (FaEGS2). However, the transcriptional regulation of this process is still unknown. We have identified and functionally characterized an R2R3 MYB transcription factor (EMISSION OF BENZENOID II [FaEOBII]) that seems to be the orthologous gene of PhEOBII from Petunia hybrida, which contributes to the regulation of eugenol biosynthesis in petals. The expression of FaEOBII was ripening related and fruit receptacle specific, although high expression values were also found in petals. This expression pattern of FaEOBII correlated with eugenol content in both fruit receptacle and petals. The expression of FaEOBII was repressed by auxins and activated by abscisic acid, in parallel to the ripening process. In ripe strawberry receptacles, where the expression of FaEOBII was silenced, the expression of CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 and FaEGS2, two structural genes involved in eugenol production, was down-regulated. A subsequent decrease in eugenol content in ripe receptacles was also observed, confirming the involvement of FaEOBII in eugenol metabolism. Additionally, the expression of FaEOBII was under the control of FaMYB10, another R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates the early and late biosynthetic genes from the flavonoid/phenylpropanoid pathway. In parallel, the amount of eugenol in FaMYB10-silenced receptacles was also diminished. Taken together, these data indicate that FaEOBII plays a regulating role in the volatile phenylpropanoid pathway gene expression that gives rise to eugenol production in ripe strawberry receptacles.The octoploid cultivated strawberry (Fragaria 3 ananassa) is one of the most economically important, nonclimacteric, soft fruits, in which volatile compounds influence fruit flavor and aroma. Both characteristics contribute to the fruit organoleptic traits and are crucial factors to determine fruit quality.At present, extensive surveys on the components that contribute to strawberry flavor have been performed. In these studies, more than 360 volatiles have been identified (Latrasse, 1991;Nijssen, 1996;Zabetakis and Holden, 1997), but only 15 to 20 of them in wild varieties of strawberry are believed to be essential for sensory quality, together with nonvolatile sugars and organic acids (Schieberle and Hofmann, 1997). In contrast, in cultivated varieties of strawberry, only about six odor-active compounds have been identified as contributors to fruit flavor (Raab et al., 2006;Ulrich et al., 2007). Strawberry aroma is the result of the combined perception of fruity (ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and methyl 2-methylbutanoat), green (Z-3-hexenal), sweaty (butanoic acid and 2-methylbutanoic acid), peach-like (g-decalactone), and caramel-like [4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone] flavor notes (Pyysalo et al., 1979;Larsen and Poll, 1992). Several wild strawb...

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A Long and Winding Road

Martin

Albert

2023

Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research

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The R2R3-MYB–Like Regulatory Factor EOBI, Acting Downstream of EOBII, Regulates Scent Production by Activating ODO1 and Structural Scent-Related Genes in Petunia

Cited by 122 publications

References 80 publications

Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia

An R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Regulates Eugenol Production in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Receptacles

A Long and Winding Road

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