The R.B.E. of Fission Neutrons, 250 kV X-rays, Cd(n, γ) and<sup>60</sup>Co Gamma-rays for Intestinal and Haemopoietic Deaths in Guinea-pigs

Batchelor, A.L.; Corp, M.J.; Hulse, E. V.

doi:10.1080/09553007314550781

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Most researchers agree that alterations in gastrointestinal motor activities occur within 24 h following abdominal or whole body exposure to injurious dosages of ionizing radiation [1,2,6,7,11]. The consensus of this work is that gastric emptying rate is reduced, spontaneous motor activity of the small intestine is augmented, and the tonic and phasic motor responses of small bowel segments in vitro to acetylcholine are also increased [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hypophysectomy-induced inhibition of augmented acetylcholine responses of the rat bowel following adrenalectomy and/or whole body irradiation

Tansy

Friedman

1979

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Functional changes in the intestinal responsiveness to a fixed dose of acetylcholine were studied in muscle strips removed from young adult male rats previously exposed to whole body gamma radiation. In the irradiated rat the responsiveness to a fixed dose of acetylcholine was found to be augmented in the small intestine but not in the colon. Similar motor patterns for the small intestine were found when muscle strips from adrenalectomized rats were studied. Preradiation adrenalectomy further exaggerated the post-radiation sensitivity of the rat small intestine to acetylcholine. Hypophysectomy prior to either adrenalectomy and/or whole body radiation was associated with an absence of augmented small intestinal motor activity following administration of acetylcholine. The response of the large bowel to acetylcholine, however, was not modified by adrenalectomy and/or hypophysectomy. These observations suggest an endocrine component to the acute 3--5 day intestinal radiation syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hypophysectomy-induced inhibition of augmented acetylcholine responses of the rat bowel following adrenalectomy and/or whole body irradiation

Tansy

Friedman

1979

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…For carcinogenesis, it can be 20Y50 or more (Zaider 1991). For intermediate effects such as lethality (LD 50 studies), it is generally around 1Y4 (Batchelor et al 1971;Hanson et al 1984;Sigdestad et al 1986;MacVittie et al 1991). When incapacitation is used as the effect endpoint using supralethal doses of 50 Gy or more, RBE n in primates is less than 1, or around 0.68 according to AFRRI studies (Thorp and Young 1972).…”

Section: Biophysics Of Enhanced Radiation Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biophysics and Medical Effects of Enhanced Radiation Weapons

Reeves

2012

Health Physics

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Enhanced radiation weapons (ERW) are fission-fusion devices where the massive numbers of neutrons generated during the fusion process are intentionally allowed to escape rather than be confined to increase yield (and fallout products). As a result, the energy partition of the weapon output shifts from blast and thermal energies toward prompt radiation. The neutron/gamma output ratio is also increased. Neutrons emitted from ERW are of higher energy than the Eave of neutrons from fission weapons. These factors affect the patterns of injury distribution; delay wound healing in combined injuries; reduce the therapeutic efficacy of medical countermeasures; and increase the dose to radiation-only casualties, thus potentiating the likelihood of encountering radiation-induced incapacitation. The risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis is also increased. Radiation exposure to first responders from activation products is increased over that expected from a fission weapon of similar yield. However, the zone of dangerous fallout is significantly reduced in area. At least four nations have developed the potential to produce such weapons. Although the probability of detonation of an ERW in the near future is very small, it is nonzero, and clinicians and medical planners should be aware of the medical effects of ERW.

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“…Experiments for the determination of RBE are capable of revealing the rather small differences in LET between X-rays and y-rays. For example, Batchelor, Corp and Hulse (1973) have obtained values of 1.5 and 1.1 (250 kV, X-rays in comparison with 6OCo y-radiation) for intestinal and haemopoietic death, respectively, in guinea-pigs, and the same authors have also reported a value of 1.2 for the LD,,,,, in hamsters (Corp, Hulse and Batchelor 1974). These are just' two recent examples of X-ray/y-ray RBE studies in radiobiological or clinical investigations.…”

Section: Conclusion-some Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic X-rays-A still developing subject (use in analysis)

Dyson¹

1975

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This review was completed in July 1974 Contents 1. Introduction . 2. Characteristic X-ray spectra . . 2.1. The Kand L-series . 2.2. Satellite lines . particle bombardment, and in radioactive decay. 3.1. Electron bombardment, . 3.2. Proton bombardment . 3.3. Radioactive decay . 3.4. Satellites from disturbed atoms .3. The production of characteristic X-rays by electron and other charged 4. The ratio of characteristic to continuous radiation . . Elemental analysis by X-rays5.1. Analysis using electron excitation .5.2. Analysis using proton excitation . 5.3. Analysis with alpha-particles and heavy ions . 6. Conclusion-some future prospects .

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The R.B.E. of Fission Neutrons, 250 kV X-rays, Cd(n, γ) and⁶⁰Co Gamma-rays for Intestinal and Haemopoietic Deaths in Guinea-pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Hypophysectomy-induced inhibition of augmented acetylcholine responses of the rat bowel following adrenalectomy and/or whole body irradiation

Hypophysectomy-induced inhibition of augmented acetylcholine responses of the rat bowel following adrenalectomy and/or whole body irradiation

Biophysics and Medical Effects of Enhanced Radiation Weapons

Characteristic X-rays-A still developing subject (use in analysis)

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The R.B.E. of Fission Neutrons, 250 kV X-rays, Cd(n, γ) and60Co Gamma-rays for Intestinal and Haemopoietic Deaths in Guinea-pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Hypophysectomy-induced inhibition of augmented acetylcholine responses of the rat bowel following adrenalectomy and/or whole body irradiation

Hypophysectomy-induced inhibition of augmented acetylcholine responses of the rat bowel following adrenalectomy and/or whole body irradiation

Biophysics and Medical Effects of Enhanced Radiation Weapons

Characteristic X-rays-A still developing subject (use in analysis)

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Product

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The R.B.E. of Fission Neutrons, 250 kV X-rays, Cd(n, γ) and⁶⁰Co Gamma-rays for Intestinal and Haemopoietic Deaths in Guinea-pigs