The question of nitrification in the Passaic River, New Jersey: Analysis of historical data and experimental investigation

Cirello, J.; Rapaport, Robert; Strom, Peter F.; Matulewich, V A; Morris, Merry L.; Goetz, Scott J.; Finstein, M. S.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(79)90048-4

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The mechanism of the improvement in nitrification rate with the addition of nitrifier carriers is still not well understood, but the surface growth of nitrifier may be a factor affecting the nitrification efficiency. Previous researches have found that the nitrifying bacteria in water column of the lake and river were low with low or even no observed nitrification in water column (Cirello et al 1979;Hall 1982;Pauer and Auer 2000). This is attributed to the low nitrifier biomass concentrations and the low growth rates of AOB in water column, probably as a result of low level of SPs, which was considered as a main habitat for the biological nitrification in water body (Bonnet et al 1997;Gresikowski et al 1996;Pauer and Auer 2000).…”

Section: Influence Of Suspended Particle Concentration On Nitritationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ammonia adsorption and nitritation in sediments derived from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

et al. 2009

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The influences of suspended particles (SPs) on NH 4? adsorption and nitritation occurring in the water system of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) were evaluated in this study. The results indicated that the adsorption of NH 4 ? was significantly affected by the SPs concentration under the conditions typically present in the TGR. The amount of ammonia adsorbed per unit weight of suspended particles was inverse proportional to the concentration of suspended particles. However, the influences of the particle size and the organic matter concentration existing in SPs were insignificant under the experimental conditions. The effects of suspended particles on nitritation were determined by the use of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) strain SW16, identified as Nitrosomonas nitrosa, which was isolated from sediment samples of the TGR. Suspended particle concentration in water-sediment solution played an important role in the nitritation process. The rate of nitritation enhanced with the increase of the suspended particle concentration. It was found that the critical factor controlling ammonia oxidizing rate was the AOB biomass resulting from the AOB growth rate. Moreover, results demonstrated that both particle size and organic matter content showed little effect on the nitritation process under the experimental conditions.

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Section: Influence Of Suspended Particle Concentration On Nitritationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ammonia adsorption and nitritation in sediments derived from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

et al. 2009

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“…In the USA, N from fertilizer use increased 20 times from 1945 to 1993 and P use tripled (Pucket, 1995). Long-term NO; trends have been evaluated for some specific rivers including the Passiac River (including NH: concentrations during a 50-year period, Cirello et al, 1979), and the Illinois, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers since 1900 (Ackerman et al, 1970), and for several long-term monitoring sites on lakes and streams in the northeastern USA (Peters et al, 1982;Driscoll and Van Dreason, 1993;Stoddard, 1994). The results of these studies are similar to those for the short-term studies described earlier, particularly in the eastern states by agricultural land uses and in the Pacific coastal areas.…”

Section: N and P In Riversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in nutrients

1996

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The roles of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as key nutrients determining the trophic status of water bodies are examined, and evidence reviewed for trends in concentrations of N and P species which occur in freshwaters, primarily in northern temperate environments. Data are reported for water bodies undergoing eutrophication and acidification, especially water bodies receiving increased nitrogen inputs through the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen oxides (NO,). Nutrient loading on groundwaters and surface freshwaters is assessed with respect to causes and rates of change, relative rates of change for N and P, and implications of change for the future management of lakes. rivers and groundwaters. In particular, the nature and emphasis of studies for N species and P fractions in lakes versus rivers and groundwaters are contrasted. This review paper primarily focuses on results from North America and Europe, particularly for the UK where a wide range of data sets exists. Few nutrient loading data have been published on water bodies in less developed countries; however, some of the available data are presented to provide a global perspective. In general, N and P concentrations have increased dramatically (>20 times background concentrations) in many areas and causes vary considerably, ranging from urbanization to changes in agricultural practices. Phosphorus transformations generally operate over a longer time-scale than those of N, occur in fewer steps, and are strongly linked to the cycling of sediments (see Figure 2). Mechanisms of P transfer are relatively simple, involving assimilation and dissimilation by biota, immobilization through complexation and chelation, mobilization through the hydrolysis of bivalent and trivalent cations, and adsorption to sediments. Phosphorus does not undergo redox reactions within its cycle. Geochemical fluxes of P are 266 A. L. HEATHWAITE, P. J. JOHNES AND N. E. PETERS WATER m ATMOSPHERIC & bacterial decomposition HYDROSPHERIC y c / i s s i m i / a t i > SOIL BIOTA Organic \ assimilation/ e,g, SEDIMENTS (Fe3+, A13+) synthesis Kaolinite metal complexes nonmetal complexes (Fe3+, AP+) (Ca2+, MI-?+) nonmetal complexes orthophoshates (Ca'+. Mn2+) (H3P04 HzP04-orthophoshates HPO,~-, po43-) (H, PO, H, PO; HPO,~-. ~0~3 -I e.g. Kaolinite metal complexes \ Figure 2. Phosphorus cycle dependent on suspended sediment transport in water bodies and dust emissions to the atmosphere. The rate and magnitude of both fluxes are small. Newman (1995) suggests that phosphorus in the atmosphere from fine soil particles and the burning of plant material, coal and oil varies from 0.7 to 1.7 kgP ha-' yr-', with input rates showing marked spatial variations. Newman (1995) also suggests that P released through weaihering processes may produce yields from 0.05 to 1*0kgPha--' yr-', with rates reaching a high of 5 kg Pha-' yr-' in some locations. In the UK, several meres of the Shropshire glacial plain are considered to be naturally eutrophic as a result of weathering of deposits of P-rich minerals, such as ap...

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“…According to Lees and Simpson, low concentrations of chlorate (i.e., 10'5 M) inhibit autotrophic nitrite oxidizer growth, whereas it takes much higher concentrations (i.e., 10-3 to 10-2 M) to completely inhibit nitrite oxidation. Although some use has been made of low concentrations of chlorate to inhibit growth (6), none has been made of high concentrations of chlorate to inhibit nitrite oxidation. In this report the selectivity of chlorate inhibition on the oxidation of nitrite, with respect to possible inhibition of ammonium oxidation, is investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Inhibition of Nitrite Oxidation by Chlorate and Its Use in Assessing Nitrification in Soils and Sediments

Belser

Mays

1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

362

115

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A method was developed to determine the ammonium oxidation rate (potential) of unenriched natural samples by measuring the nitrite produced in shaken slurries. Addition of chlorate to the samples prevented nitrite from being oxidized to nitrate. The effectiveness and specificity of chlorate were tested with pure cultures of nitrite and ammonium oxidizers, as well as in soil and sediment slurries. It was concluded that chlorate had relatively little inhibitory effect on ammonium oxidation. However, under some conditions chlorate was not completely effective in blocking nitrite oxidation, and the causes of this were investigated. The technique was designed to check for incomplete blockage.

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The question of nitrification in the Passaic River, New Jersey: Analysis of historical data and experimental investigation

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Ammonia adsorption and nitritation in sediments derived from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Ammonia adsorption and nitritation in sediments derived from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Trends in nutrients

Specific Inhibition of Nitrite Oxidation by Chlorate and Its Use in Assessing Nitrification in Soils and Sediments

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