The Quest for Immortality in Triatomines: A Meta-Analysis of the Senescence Process in Hemimetabolous Hematophagous Insects

Medone, Paula; Rabinovich, Jorge E.; Nieves, Eliana Lorena; Ceccarelli, Soledad; Canale, Delmi; Stariolo, Raúl; Menu, Frédéric

doi:10.5772/34726

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Similarly, 15 of the 17 triatomine species of the South American assemblages show an extremely large variety of relationships with habitats and associated fauna: bat caves and bat tree holes [e.g., Caviidae caves, Dasypodidae and Myrmecophagidae burrows, Didelphidae, Procyonidae, Echimidae, Phyllostomidae, Caviidae, Microcavia, Cricetidae, Muridae and Dasypodidae shelters, Passeriformes and Psittaciformes nests and Caviidae and Cricetidae nests ( Carcavallo et al 1998c )], providing the potential for strong habitat segregation. Thus, although climate may promote the occurrence of assemblages composed of morphologically similar species at the regional scale, habitat and ecological interactions with other species may vary and these differences could be coupled with other demographic ( Medone et al 2012 ), dietary ( Rabinovich et al. 2011 ) and physiological ( Pereira et al 2006 ) differences among triatomine species to facilitate coexistence at a local scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale patterns in morphological diversity and species assemblages in Neotropical Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Fergnani

Ruggiero

Ceccarelli

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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We analysed the spatial variation in morphological diversity (MDiv) and species richness (SR) for 91 species of Neotropical Triatominae to determine the ecological relationships between SR and MDiv and to explore the roles that climate, productivity, environmental heterogeneity and the presence of biomes and rivers may play in the structuring of species assemblages. For each 110 km x 110 km-cell on a grid map of America, we determined the number of species (SR) and estimated the mean Gower index (MDiv) based on 12 morphological attributes. We performed bootstrapping analyses of species assemblages to identify whether those assemblages were more similar or dissimilar in their morphology than expected by chance. We applied a multi-model selection procedure and spatial explicit analyses to account for the association of diversity-environment relationships. MDiv and SR both showed a latitudinal gradient, although each peaked at different locations and were thus not strictly spatially congruent. SR decreased with temperature variability and MDiv increased with mean temperature, suggesting a predominant role for ambient energy in determining Triatominae diversity. Species that were more similar than expected by chance co-occurred near the limits of the Triatominae distribution in association with changes in environmental variables. Environmental filtering may underlie the structuring of species assemblages near their distributional limits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale patterns in morphological diversity and species assemblages in Neotropical Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Fergnani

Ruggiero

Ceccarelli

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…For each demographic parameter, we also estimated the confidence interval (CI) at the 95% significance level based on 1,000 bootstrap samples created by random resampling with replacement from the initial individuals of each cohort. All of the above calculations were carried out using a unique computer program developed in the Delphi Language that was previously tested on triatomines ( Medone et al 2012 ). Due to the irregularity of the m x , we fitted these results to a generalised additive model (GAM) function using R software ( R Development Core Team 2007 ) to provide a general pattern of the distribution of the reproductive effort with age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic fitness of Belminus ferroae (Hemiptera: Triatominae) on three different hosts under laboratory conditions

Sandoval

Medone²,

Nieves

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Triatominae are widely recognised for their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. One of the main biological characteristics of this subfamily is their obligate haematophagous condition. However, previous studies on Belminus herreri and Belminus ferroae suggested that cockroaches are their principal hosts in domiciles. Due to this peculiar behaviour, the aim of this study was to analyse several demographic and reproductive parameters of B. ferroae fed on three different hosts (mice, cockroaches and Rhodnius prolixus) and relate B. ferroae fitness to these alternative hosts. The cohorts were reared under constant conditions. The egg hatching rate was similar for cohorts fed on cockroaches (69.4%) and R. prolixus (63.8%), but was much lower for the cohort fed on mice (16%). The development time from the nymph to adult stage and the average age of first reproduction (α) presented lower values in the cohort fed on cockroaches, which is consistent with the higher population growth rate associated with this host. Demographic parameters [intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of population growth, net reproductive rate and damping ratio] showed statistically significant differences between the cohorts. Analysis of the life history of B. ferroae revealed a higher fitness related to the cockroach. The implications of these results for the origin of the subfamily are discussed.

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“…Overall, this is the first study of triatomines with this comprehensive goal; a previous and similar effort in that direction was the one of Medone et al (2012), that analyzed the life history traits of 27 triatomine species, but was restricted only to the analysis of mortality and fecundity through several death and reproductive parameters. However, the analysis here presented should not be confused with a meta-analysis; the latter, although combines results of multiple scientific studies as I have done here, usually address the same question, and try to reconcile individual studies reporting different results, each with some degree of error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Life Cycle, Environmental Factors and Fitness – a Machine Learning Analysis in Kissing Bugs (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

Rabinovich

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Populations are permanently evolving and their evolution will influence their survival and reproduction, which will then alter demographic parameters. Several phenotypic, life history and environmental variables are known to be related to fitness measures. The goal of this article was to look into the possible types of those relationships in insects of the subfamily Triatominae, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. After an exhaustive literature review of 7,207 records of publications referring exclusively to all possible features of the triatomines, using 15 keywords those records were reduced to 2,968 publications, that were analyzed individually; after deleting those publications that did not have the data in quantitative form as needed for the objective of this article, I found that 171 papers were adequate for the present analysis. From them I compiled a dataset of 11 variables and 90 cases from 36 triatomine species. Those variables included four environmental, two life cycle, and four morphological variables, and one demographic parameter: a fitness measure (the population intrinsic rate of natural increase, r0), used as dependent variable. However, the relationship between T. cruzi and its vector host was not included in this analysis despite triatomine-T. cruzi interactions constitute an important factor in the evolution of triatomine’s life history. I resorted to the Random Forest method as a machine learning approach for the analysis of this dataset, and found that –in addition to the triatomine species themselves– only the two life cycle variables (mean development time from egg to adult, and mean fecundity, expressed as the average number of female eggs laid per female per day) were statistically significant in determining fitness (r0). The machine learning approach used in the analysis provided a similar but deeper insight into these relationships than classical regression. Except for an analysis on senescence, this is the first study in triatomines addressing these questions. These results will be useful for other theoretical optimization approaches (frequency-dependence, density-dependence, evolutionary game theory, and adaptive dynamics), thus contributing to the theoretical framework for interpreting the succession of stages in insect adaptations, a framework yet to be constructed.

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The Quest for Immortality in Triatomines: A Meta-Analysis of the Senescence Process in Hemimetabolous Hematophagous Insects

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Large-scale patterns in morphological diversity and species assemblages in Neotropical Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Large-scale patterns in morphological diversity and species assemblages in Neotropical Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Demographic fitness of Belminus ferroae (Hemiptera: Triatominae) on three different hosts under laboratory conditions

Morphology, Life Cycle, Environmental Factors and Fitness – a Machine Learning Analysis in Kissing Bugs (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

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