The quest for complex molecules in space: laboratory spectroscopy ofn-butyl cyanide,n-C4H9CN, in the millimeter wave region and its astronomical search in Sagittarius B2(N)

Ordu, Matthias H.; Müller, H. S. P.; Walters, A.; Núñez, Megan E.; Lewen, Frank; Беллоче, А.; Menten, K. M.; Schlemmer, S.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118738

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Upper limits to the column densities of glycine (NH 2 CH 2 COOH), methoxyacetonitrile (CH 3 OCH 2 CN), 2-cyanoethanol (HOCH 2 CH 2 CN), 2-aminopropionitrile (CH 3 CH(NH 2 )CN), and n-butyl cyanide (n-C 4 H 9 CN) based on our spectral survey of Sgr B2(N) were reported elsewhere Braakman et al 2010;Møllendal et al 2012;Ordu et al 2012). In this section, we list a few additional upper limits derived from our survey for species that were either claimed to be detected toward Sgr B2(N) by other authors, or that are of some interest for astrochemistry.…”

Section: Non-detectionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The main goal of the survey was to search for new complex organic molecules in the gas phase of the interstellar medium. This has been partially addressed in a number of earlier publications (Belloche et al , 2009Müller et al 2008;Brünken et al 2010;Braakman et al 2010;Møllendal et al 2012;Ordu et al 2012). This article now presents the complete analysis of the full survey, the main goal being to provide a reliable identification of the detected lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)

Беллоче

Müller

Menten

et al. 2013

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Context. The discovery of amino acids in meteorites fallen to Earth and the detection of glycine, the simplest of them, in samples returned from a comet to Earth strongly suggest that the chemistry of the interstellar medium is capable of producing such complex organic molecules and that they may be widespread in our Galaxy. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the degree of chemical complexity that can be reached in the interstellar medium, in particular in dense star-forming regions. Methods. We performed an unbiased, spectral line survey toward Sgr B2(N) and (M), two regions where high-mass stars are formed, with the IRAM 30 m telescope in the 3 mm atmospheric transmission window. Partial surveys at 2 and 1.3 mm were performed in parallel. The spectra were analyzed with a simple radiative transfer model that assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium but takes optical depth effects into account. Results. About 3675 and 945 spectral lines with a peak signal-to-noise ratio higher than 4 are detected at 3 mm toward Sgr B2(N) and (M), i.e. about 102 and 26 lines per GHz, respectively. This represents an increase by about a factor of two over previous surveys of Sgr B2. About 70% and 47% of the lines detected toward Sgr B2(N) and (M) are identified and assigned to 56 and 46 distinct molecules as well as to 66 and 54 less abundant isotopologues of these molecules, respectively. In addition, we report the detection of transitions from 59 and 24 catalog entries corresponding to vibrationally or torsionally excited states of some of these molecules, respectively, up to a vibration energy of 1400 cm −1 (2000 K). Excitation temperatures and column densities were derived for each species but should be used with caution. The rotation temperatures of the detected complex molecules typically range from ∼50 to 200 K. Among the detected molecules, aminoacetonitrile, n-propyl cyanide, and ethyl formate were reported for the first time in space based on this survey, as were five rare isotopologues of vinyl cyanide, cyanoacetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. We also report the detection of transitions from within twelve new vibrationally or torsionally excited states of known molecules. Absorption features produced by diffuse clouds along the line of sight are detected in transitions with low rotation quantum numbers of many simple molecules and are modeled with ∼30-40 velocity components with typical linewidths of ∼3-5 km s −1 . Conclusions. Although the large number of unidentified lines may still allow future identification of new molecules, we expect most of these lines to belong to vibrationally or torsionally excited states or to rare isotopologues of known molecules for which spectroscopic predictions are currently missing. Significant progress in extending the inventory of complex organic molecules in Sgr B2(N) and deriving tighter constraints on their location, origin, and abundance is expected in the near future thanks to an ongoing spectral line survey at 3 mm with ALMA in its cycles 0 and 1. The present single-dish surve...

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Section: Non-detectionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)

Беллоче

Müller

Menten

et al. 2013

A&A

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385

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“…Several spectroscopic investigations were performed in support of this study, for example on iso-propyl cyanide (Müller et al 2011), anti-ethanol with one 13 C (Bouchez et al 2012), 2-aminopropionitrile (Møllendal et al 2012), and n-butyl cyanide (Ordu et al 2012). In addition, a number of spectroscopic studies have been prompted by the results of these line surveys, for example, on methyleneaminoacetonitrile (Motiyenko et al 2013), aminoacetonitrile (Motoki et al 2013), and 1,2-propanediol (Bossa et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The millimeter and sub-millimeter rotational spectrum of triple ¹³C-substituted ethyl cyanide

Pienkina

Margulès

Motiyenko

et al. 2017

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Context.A recently published astronomical detection of all three doubly 13 C-substituted ethyl cyanides toward Sgr B2(N2) motivated us to investigate triple 13 C isotopic species that are expected to be also present in the ISM. Aims. We aim to present an experimental study of the rotational spectrum of triple 13 C-substituted ethyl cyanide, 13 CH 13 3 CH 13 2 CN, in the frequency range 150-990 GHz. We want to use the determined spectroscopic parameters for searching for 13 CH 13 3 CH 13 2 CN in ALMA data. The main objective of this work is to provide accurate frequency predictions to search for this molecule in the Galactic center source Sagittarius B2(N) and to facilitate its detection in space.Methods. The laboratory rotational spectrum of 13 CH 13 3 CH 13 2 CN has been recorded with the Lille's fast DDS solid-state spectrometer between 150 GHz and 990 GHz. Results. More than 4000 rotational transitions were identified in the laboratory. The quantum numbers reach J = 115 and K a = 39. Watson's Hamiltonian in the A and S reductions were used to analyze the spectra. Accurate spectroscopic parameters were determined. The rotational spectra of the 13 C containing species CH 3 CH 2 CN have been assigned, thus allowing the determination of the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants

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“…This measurement has been extended to the shorter millimeter wavelengths to aid its astronomical searches. The radio-astronomical searches for n-butyl cyanide in the Sagittarius B2(N) molecular cloud yielded only upper limits of its column density without any successful detection [31]. This is the only isomer of the C 5 H 9 N isomeric group that has been astronomically searched for though it is not the most stable molecule of the group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to their experiment, the next three conformers are AA (30%), AG (13%) and GG' (11%). According [31], n-butyl cyanide could exist into five conformers. Ordu et al (2012) and references therein showed that AA is the most stable conformer and GG being the highest energy conformer.…”

Section: N-butyl Cyanidementioning

confidence: 99%

C5H9N isomers: pointers to possible branched chain interstellar molecules

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The astronomical observation of isopropyl cyanide further stresses the link between the chemical composition of the ISM and molecular composition of the meteorites in which there is a dominance of branched chain amino acids as compared to the straight. However, observations of more branched chain molecules in ISM will firmly establish this link. In the light of this, we have considered C 5 H 9 N isomeric group in which the next higher member of the alkyl cyanide and other branched chain isomers belong. High-level quantum chemical calculations have been employed in estimating accurate energies of these isomers. From the results, the only isomer of the group that has been astronomically searched, n-butyl cyanide is not the most stable isomer and therefore, which might explain why its search could only yield upper limits of its column density without a successful detection. Rather, the two most stable isomers of the group are the branched chain isomers; tertbutylnitrile and isobutyl cyanide. Based on the rotational constants of these isomers, it is found that the expected intensity of tert-butylnitrile is the maximum among this isomeric group. Thus, this is proposed as the most probable candidate for astronomical observation. A simple LTE (Local thermodynamic equilibrium) modelling has also been carried out to check the possibility of detecting tert-butyl cyanide in the millimetre-wave region.

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The quest for complex molecules in space: laboratory spectroscopy ofn-butyl cyanide,n-C₄H₉CN, in the millimeter wave region and its astronomical search in Sagittarius B2(N)

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)

Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)

The millimeter and sub-millimeter rotational spectrum of triple ¹³C-substituted ethyl cyanide

C5H9N isomers: pointers to possible branched chain interstellar molecules

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The quest for complex molecules in space: laboratory spectroscopy ofn-butyl cyanide,n-C4H9CN, in the millimeter wave region and its astronomical search in Sagittarius B2(N)

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)

Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)

The millimeter and sub-millimeter rotational spectrum of triple 13C-substituted ethyl cyanide

C5H9N isomers: pointers to possible branched chain interstellar molecules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The quest for complex molecules in space: laboratory spectroscopy ofn-butyl cyanide,n-C₄H₉CN, in the millimeter wave region and its astronomical search in Sagittarius B2(N)

The millimeter and sub-millimeter rotational spectrum of triple ¹³C-substituted ethyl cyanide