The quest for an increased genital size drives sex stimulant abuse among male subjects in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Nna, Victor Udo; Ofutet, Emmanuel Oleba; Ofem, OE; Okpokam, Dorathy Chioma; Osim, E. E.

doi:10.1016/j.apjr.2016.06.009

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As revealed by this study, the reasons for using aphrodisiacs do not deviate markedly from those reported in existing studies in Ghana and globally across genders. The reasons include the stimulation of sexual urges, the desire to prolong intercourse, the wherewithal to initiate sex, the need to meet the expectations of partners, to increase the size of genitals (among men), and to enhance satisfaction for the users and their partners [ 2 , 11 , 44 ]. However, this study adds a multi-level perspective regarding the factors associated with the use of aphrodisiacs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Social–Ecological Study of Perceptions and Determinants of Sexual Enhancement Drug Use among Men and Women in Ghana

Amoah¹,

Adjei²,

Arthur-Holmes³

2022

IJERPH

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The use and sale of sexual enhancement drugs (particularly unapproved aphrodisiacs) have become a public health concern in Ghana and many other sub-Saharan African countries. While most studies have examined this phenomenon from the level of individual perspectives, this study investigates the multi-dimensional and multi-level factors (e.g., individual characteristics and behaviours, interpersonal factors, community norms and practices, institutional and public policy factors) that influence attitudes, perceptions, and use of aphrodisiacs among men and women in Ghana. Using a concurrent mixed-method design, we derived the data from a semi-structured interview and cross-sectional survey conducted across five administrative regions in Ghana. Interpretative phenomenological analysis and logistic regression techniques were used to analyse the qualitative and quantitative (survey) data, respectively. Approximately 12.6% of participants (17.6% among males and 7.2% among females) had used an aphrodisiac in the six months prior to the study. Approximately 23.4% of the participants had more than one partner during the same period. Among men, being religious (B = −0.238, p < 0.05) and having multiple sexual partners (B = 0.481, p < 0.01) were positively associated with the use of aphrodisiacs. For women, being employed (B = −1.539, p < 0.01), engaging in physical activities (exercising) (B = −0.658, p < 0.05), having good health (B = 0.869, p < 0.05), having multiple sexual partners (B = 1.191, p < 0.01), and taking alcohol (B = 1.041, p < 0.01) were associated with use of aphrodisiacs. Although many participants had used aphrodisiacs, women, in particular, held unfavourable views about the drugs due to perceived negative health implications for themselves and their partners. The findings also show that community-level factors (e.g., social norms and expectations), interpersonal factors (e.g., expectations of partners and friends), public policy (e.g., drug-related regulations), and organisational/institutional factors (e.g., health system arrangements about access and use of drugs) were critical to the sale and use of aphrodisiacs among both men and women in Ghana. A multi-level analysis of the use of sexual enhancement drugs among men and women is crucial to formulating social and public health policies that aim to improve public knowledge of these drugs, reduce uncontrolled production, and protect population health and well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Social–Ecological Study of Perceptions and Determinants of Sexual Enhancement Drug Use among Men and Women in Ghana

Amoah¹,

Adjei²,

Arthur-Holmes³

2022

IJERPH

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“…Out of curiosity, recreational use, and pleasure seeking, some with the aim of drug addiction, youths mostly without ED and ejaculatory problems combine sildenafil citrate and tramadol because sildenafil prolongs erection and tramadol delays ejaculation. This is done without thought to the possible side effects and pharmacokinetic interactions [18,19,20]. Sildenafil citrate and tramadol are metabolized in the liver through the cytochrome p450 enzyme system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combination of tramadol and sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on hepatic and renal function parameters in Male Albino Rats

Ojoye N. Briggs,

Kemzi N. Elechi-Amadi,

Jack G. Tetam

et al. 2024

World J. Bio. Pharm. Health Sci.

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Erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and pleasure seeking have increased the use of sildenafil citrate, tramadol and their combination by youths who believe these drugs could positively impact their sexual life. Sildenafil citrate and tramadol are metabolized in the liver, and their by-products excreted through the kidneys, making these organs possible targets for toxicity. Aim: This study evaluates the effects of combination of tramadol and sildenafil citrate on hepatic and renal function parameters in male albino rats. Methodology: A total of forty-nine (49) male albino rats weighing between 150 to 180g were used for the study. Sildenafil citrate and tramadol were administered to the rats by means of oral gavage for 28 days. The liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined using the Reitman-Frankel method. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined using the Colorimetric endpoint method. Total protein (TP) was determined using the biuret method. Albumin (ALB) was determined using the bromocresol green method. Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (CL-) were determined using ion selective electrode (ISE) method. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) was determined using titrimetric method. Urea was determined using Urease bertholet method. Creatinine was determined using Jaffe-Slot method. Results: There were no significant differences (P>.05) in the liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP in all the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) also showed no significant differences (P>.05) in the groups, compared to the negative control. there were no significant differences (P>.05) in the electrolyte levels in the treatment groups, compared to the negative control. Urea and creatinine levels were also not significantly different (P>.05) in the treatment groups, compared to the negative control. Conclusion: Administration of sildenafil citrate singularly and in combination with tramadol, at recommended and double doses for 28 days, did not impact the liver and was also non-toxic to the kidneys.

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Physicochemical assessment and insilico studies on the interaction of 5-HT2c receptor with herbal medication bioactive compounds used in the treatment of premature ejaculation

Aghanwa

Ekpunobi

Ogbuagu

2023

Physical Sciences Reviews

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Premature ejaculation (PE) affects one in every four men around the world, and there is no known cure for this sexual dysfunction. Many non-herbal and herbal medications are prescribed for their treatment, some of which have not been thoroughly evaluated for their efficacy and role in the body. Premature ejaculation herbal treatment medication produced in Abia State, Nigeria, were analysed for its efficacy using Fluoxetine as a compared compound, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of PE. The herbal drugs were analysed using both classical and spectroscopic methods for the determination of its proximate content, phytochemical analysis, heavy metals concentrations and bioactive compounds. The interactions with the 5-HT2c serotonin receptors were investigated using in silico computational analysis, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic properties of the selected compounds with ADMET screening. The availability of important phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins was recorded, and the proximate content values were within the recommended ranges. Heavy metals such as Pb (46 mg/kg), Cd (22 mg/kg), Ni (35 mg/kg), and Mn (132 mg/kg) were found in excess of the recommended limits. Fifty-one compounds were discovered in the herbal drug samples, which were then screened for drug-ability using the Lipinski rule. In this study, six (6) compounds with the highest binding affinities among the compounds under investigation were reported. All six compounds were found to have binding affinity scores ranging from −7.5 kcal/mol to −10.5 kcal/mol. Their interactions in the active sites of the target receptors were with amino acids residues like ASP 134, VAL 135, SER 138, VAL 208, PHE 327, VAL 354, TRY 358, PHE 328, GLY 218, ASN 331, ALA 222, and LEU 350 sharing hydrophobic and electrostatic bonds. The study predicted the ADMET properties of the compounds under investigation and discovered that some of them had good pharmacokinetic properties and CYP2C19 enzyme inhibitory potential. This research suggests that these compounds could be active ingredients in herbal medications used to treat premature ejaculation. However, after using this medication, serum concentrations of patients can be measured to further assess its efficacy.

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The quest for an increased genital size drives sex stimulant abuse among male subjects in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

A Social–Ecological Study of Perceptions and Determinants of Sexual Enhancement Drug Use among Men and Women in Ghana

A Social–Ecological Study of Perceptions and Determinants of Sexual Enhancement Drug Use among Men and Women in Ghana

Effects of combination of tramadol and sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on hepatic and renal function parameters in Male Albino Rats

Physicochemical assessment and insilico studies on the interaction of 5-HT2c receptor with herbal medication bioactive compounds used in the treatment of premature ejaculation

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