The Quantitative Recovery of Synthetic Estrogens From Tissues of Birds (Gallus Domesticus), the Response of the Birds’ Testis, Comb and Epidermis to Estrogen and of Humans to Ingestion of Tissues From Treated Birds

Bird, Scott; Pugsley, L. I.; Klotz, M.

doi:10.1210/endo-41-4-282

Cited by 84 publications

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“…of the abdominal fat (extracted by the method of Bird et al 1947) gave no sign of estrogenic stimulation, while 1 ml. A 31-pound turkey torn which had been treated by implanting 4 pellets containing a total of 48 .mg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In view of the fact that Bird et al (1947) used oil from the abdominal adipose tissue as an index of the amount of dienestrol diacetate, and other estrogens, remaining in the tissues of treated birds, these findings are quite important. These workers found that no positive smears could be obtained after injecting 4 ml.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Bird et al (1947) and Bird (1948) would indicate that there is little likelihood of any person's receiving a "clinical dose" of estrogen even with excessive consumption of oil from fowls treated with dienestrol diacetate. The work of Bird et al (1947) and Bird (1948) would indicate that there is little likelihood of any person's receiving a "clinical dose" of estrogen even with excessive consumption of oil from fowls treated with dienestrol diacetate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual Estrogens in the Tissues of Fowl Treated with Dienestrol Diacetate

Gowe

1949

Poultry Science

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual Estrogens in the Tissues of Fowl Treated with Dienestrol Diacetate

Gowe

1949

Poultry Science

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“…in a liver extract prepared in the manner of Bird, Pugsley and Klotz (1947). Greenblatt and Brown (1952) failed to find estrogenic activity in an extract of adipose tissue obtained from a cockerel treated with 30 mg. of diethylstilbestrol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Estrogenic Activity of Residues Obtained from Chickens Treated with Pellets of Diethylstilbestrol

et al. 1955

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The Diethylstilbestrol Content of Tissues of Treated Steers, Lambs, and Poultry

Swift¹

1954

Journal of Food Science

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Practical use of diethylstilbestrol treatments in animal and poultry husbandry depends on there being no objectionable residual quantities of the chemical in edible tissues, for otherwise other considerations will be meaningless. Several reports of analyses of tissues of poultry have been made (1,3,4). Recently the subject has been reviewed ( 5 ) and the need emphasized for improved methods of analysis and for systematic analysis of tissues of treated animals and poultry. During an investigation of the residual diethylstilbestrol in the tissues of treated steers, lambs, and poultry, the chemical method described here for the concentration and determination of free diethylstilbestrol was developed and applied. While the work was principally concerned with the determination of free diethylstilbestrol, in the analysis of poultry tissues both the combined and the free forms were determined, yielding results which are reported and interpreted with necessary qualifications. Although no evidence of the presence of the synthetic estrogen was found in analyses of extracts of tissues of treated lambs or a steer, evidence was found of small amounts in extracb of the liver and skin, but not the muscle tissue, of treated poultry. METHODS, PROCEDURE, AND RESULTSReagents and materials. Petroleum ether (b.p. 60-70°C.) was thrice extracted with 0.1 volume of concentrated sulfuric acid, then successively with 0.1 volumes of water, 1 N sodium hydroxide and again with water, after which the solvent was distilled.Acetone, A.C.S., was distillcd through a short column discarding a residue of approximately 10%.Ethyl ether, anhydrous, A.C.S., was refluxed with and distilled from an equal volume of a solution containing 150 g. of ferrous sulfate, and 15 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid in 275 ml. of water.Absolute ethanol was distilled discarding a small coIored residue. Petroleum ether (b.p. 37-4O"U.) used in paper chromatography was obtained by fractionally distilling solvent having b.p. 30-60°C. Buffer solution. The solution was prepared by mixing 800 ml. of glacial acetic acid, 150 ml. of 10% potassium hydroxide solution (by weight) and 50 ml. of water.Alcoholic ammonium hydroxide solution. The solution was freshly prepared by mixing 25 ml. of absolute ethanol with 22.5 ml. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and 2.5 ml. of water.Saturated aqueous sodium nitrate solution, freshly prepared. concentrated sulfuric acid. Concentrated hydrochloric acid.Dilute hydrochloric acid solution, concentrated hydrochloric acid diluted 1 : 10. Sodium hydroxide solution, approximately 1 N. Sodium carbonate solution, lo%, by weight, freshly prepared.Sodium bicarbonate solution, 9% by weight. Phosphoric acid solution (9 N). Rhatman No. 1 filter paper. DIETHYLSTILBFSTROL CONTENT OF TISSUES OF TREATED ANIMALS 403Extraction and concentration. Samples consisting only of fatty tissue were ground through a meat grinder. To 100 g. of ground tissue 150 ml. of petroleum ether was added and this mixture was stirred and warmed on a steam bath until the lipids diss...

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The Quantitative Recovery of Synthetic Estrogens From Tissues of Birds (Gallus Domesticus), the Response of the Birds’ Testis, Comb and Epidermis to Estrogen and of Humans to Ingestion of Tissues From Treated Birds

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Residual Estrogens in the Tissues of Fowl Treated with Dienestrol Diacetate

Residual Estrogens in the Tissues of Fowl Treated with Dienestrol Diacetate

The Estrogenic Activity of Residues Obtained from Chickens Treated with Pellets of Diethylstilbestrol

The Diethylstilbestrol Content of Tissues of Treated Steers, Lambs, and Poultry

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