The quantitative determination of hypo in photographic prints with silver nitrate

Crabtree, J. I.; Eaton, George T.; Muehler, L. E.

doi:10.1016/s0016-0032(43)90420-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…1 was used no sodium thiosulfate could be found in films or papers. The r esidual thiosulfate in photographic papers was determined by the method of Crabtree et al [17] and in photographic films by the method of Crabtree and Ross [22] . 4 .…”

Section: Removal Of the Thiosulfate During The Washing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of silver sulfide in the photographic image during fixation.

Pope¹

1960

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. C. ENG. INSTR.

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. A photo.graphic s!h:er im~ge is m ade ,Permanent (fix ed) aft~r development by bathing It 111 a solutIOn contall1lng thIOsulfate whICh forms a soluble tlllosuifate complex with the res idual silver halide. Some of the sil ver in the image is sulfided by the thiosulfate durin g ~xat io~. The p~rpose of this s tudy was to d etermine the a mount of sulfiding of the silver III t he Image dunng fi xatIOn of film and paper. The amo unt of the silver reacting depends on the type of t he ligh t-sensitive layer. Also, during bleaching, the residual thiosulfate in the film or paper r eacts with silver in a potassium dichromate-s ulfuric acid bleach bath to form silver sulfide. For one p ap er , it was shown that the amo unt of silver sulfide which was formed in the bleach bath increased with the increase of the concentration of the residual thiosuifate in the paper. A procedure was developed for t he reduction of silver s ulfid e in an e mulsion layer to silver so t hat the silver sulfid e may be determined in terms of the optical density of the s ilv l' dep osit. The use of hypo eliminators was investigated an d a test procedure was found for testing the effectiveness of hypo eliminators. A smaH amoun t of potassium iodide added to t he fi xing bath was found effec t iv e in preventing mos t of the s ulfidin g of the silver image during fi xation.

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Section: Removal Of the Thiosulfate During The Washing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact and enlargin g papers were subjected to the Crabtree et a1. [17) hypo test used for determining residual thio-sulfate in papers. The solu tion used ilt this test contains silver ni t rate and sulfuric acid and reacts quantitatively with thiosulfate to form silve)' sulfide.…”

Section: Conversion Of Absorbed Thiosulfate To Silver Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%